扬子陆块北缘东河铂钯矿化超基性岩脉成岩时代与岩石成因:锆石年代学、地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素约束

曹亮; 陈林; 段其发; 周云; 刘重芃; 张利国

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2018.262

扬子陆块北缘东河铂钯矿化超基性岩脉成岩时代与岩石成因:锆石年代学、地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素约束

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.262

曹亮^1,2,,
陈林³,
段其发^1,2,
周云^1,2,
刘重芃^1,2,
张利国^1,2

1.
中国地质调查局武汉地质调查中心, 湖北武汉 430205
2.
中国地质调查局花岗岩成岩成矿地质研究中心, 湖北武汉 430205
3.
湖北省地质局第二地质大队, 湖北恩施 445000

基金项目:

中国地质调查局扬子工程湘西-鄂西成矿带神农架-花垣地区地质矿产调查二级项目 DD20160029

详细信息

作者简介:
曹亮(1982-), 男, 硕士研究生, 高级工程师, 从事矿床地质研究

中图分类号: P581;P597
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-11-29
- 刊出日期: 2019-02-15

Geochronology and Petrogenesis of the Donghe Pt-Pd-Bearing Ultramafic Dykesin the Northern Margin of the Yangtze Block: Constraints from Zircon Geochronology, Geochemistry and Sr-Nd-Hf Isotpopes

Cao Liang^{1,2
,},
Chen Lin³,
Duan Qifa^1,2,
Zhou Yun^1,2,
Liu Chongpeng^1,2,
Zhang Liguo^1,2

1.
Wuhan Center of Geology Survey, CGS, Wuhan 430205, China
2.
Research Center of Granitic Diagenesis and Mineralization, China Geological Survey, Wuhan 430205, China
3.
Second Geological Team of Hubei Geological Bureau, Enshi 445000, China

摘要

摘要: 东河铂钯矿化超基性岩脉位于扬子陆块北缘房县东河地区，铂钯矿体产于超基性岩辉石岩脉中.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年表明该超基性岩脉结晶侵位年龄为433.2±2.9 Ma，属于早志留世.地球化学特征上，岩石具有较低含量的SiO₂（39.73%~47.46%，均值为41.41%）、中等偏低的Mg^#（46.98~67.37）和高铝（11.25%~15.46%）的特征，整体上属于高铝质超基性岩类.微量和稀土元素方面，岩石具有较高的稀土总量、轻稀土富集和无明显的Eu正异常特征（∑REE=59.59×10^-6~375.02×10^-6，（La_N/Yb_N）=3.94~19.13，δEu=0.93~1.13），所有岩石富集Rb、Ba、Sr、Nb、Ti等元素，亏损K、Hf、P等元素，且具有显著不同于地壳的不相容元素组成.Sr、Nd、Hf同位素研究表明，东河超基性岩具有低的（⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr）_i（0.703 26~0.704 15），正的ε_Nd（t）（4.37~5.27）和正的ε_Hf（t）（7.29~10.26）.综合研究表明：东河超基性岩来自亏损的岩石圈地幔源区，可能有富集岩石圈地幔组分的加入，原始岩浆在上升侵位过程中地壳物质的混染不明显.微量元素构造环境判别显示其形成于板内构造环境，通过分析表明东河地区在早志留世应处于被动大陆边缘，拉张伸展的状态，研究区出露的两期超基性岩床（脉）为岩石圈处于拉张状态下大陆裂谷早期阶段的产物.
- 超基性岩 /
- 锆石年代学 /
- 辉石岩 /
- Sr-Nd-Hf同位素 /
- 东河地区 /
- 扬子陆块 /
- 地球化学
Abstract: The Donghe Pt-Pd-bearing ultramafic dykes are located in the northern margin of the Yangtze block in Fangxian, the Pt-Pd ore bodys are present in the ultramafic dykes of pyroxene veins. The LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating indicates that the ultrabasic dykes were emplaced with age of 433.2±2.9 Ma, belonging to the early Silurian.The rocks are characterized by low SiO₂ (39.73%-47.46%, mean 41.41%), moderate Mg^# (46.98-67.37) and high alumina (11.25%-15.46%), belonging to high-alumina ultrabasic rocks. The rocks have higher total REE, with slightly enriched LREE and without significant Eu positive anomaly (∑REE=59.59×10^-6 to 375.02×10^-6, (La_N/Yb_N)=3.94-19.13, δEu=0.93-1.13). All rocks are enriched in Rb, Ba, Sr, Nb, Ti, etc., depleted in Nb, Hf, P, etc. and have significantly different ratios of incompatible elements to that in the crust. Sr, Nd and Hf isotope studies show that the Donghe ultramafic rocks have low initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.703 26-0.704 15), positive ε_Nd(t)(4.37~5.27) and positive ε_Hf(t) (7.29-10.26).Based on the above discussion, we propose that the studied ultramafic rocks were derived from a depleted lithospheric mantle(garnet-lherzolite) source which may be enriched lithospheric mantle components. Magma in the rising process was not significantly affected by the crust material mixed. The tectonic discrimination of trace elements shows that it formed in intraplate tectonic environment. The analysis shows the Donghe region should be on the passive continental margin during the Early Silurian and should be in extensional state. The two-stage ultramafic bedrocks (veins) exposed in the study area were the products of the early stage of the continental rift in the state of extensional of the lithosphere.
- ultramafic rocks /
- zircon geochronology /
- pyroxenite /
- Sr-Nd-Hf isotopes /
- Donghe area /
- Yangtze block /
- geochemistry

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图 1 扬子地块与南秦岭造山带构造单元划分(a)及北大巴山地区基性火山岩分布(b)

a.据董有浦等(2011); b.据邹先武等(2011); BKB.碧口地体；MCB.米仓山隆起；FPB.佛坪地体；WDB.武当地体；SNB.神农架地体；LMST.龙门山冲断褶皱带；MCT.米仓山冲断褶皱带：DBT.大巴山冲断褶皱带；CDT.川东冲断褶皱带；MLS.勉略缝合带；SDS.商丹缝合带；1.褶皱带；2.缝合线；3.冲断层；4.刚性地体；5.造山带；6.研究区; 7.扬子陆块区；8.扬子陆块北部陆缘区；9.前寒武隆起区；10.苦橄榄-碱性玄武岩；11.基性岩脉(墙)；12.粗面岩；13.石英闪长岩；14.断层

Fig. 1. Sketch map of tectonic units of the South Qinling orogen and Yangtze block

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图 2 房县东河铂钯矿野外露头

下部深色部分为辉石岩

Fig. 2. Fangxian Donghe platinum palladium fied outcrop

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图 3 扬子陆块北缘房县东河地区地质简图

1.第四系；2.下第三系-白垩系；3.下寒武统-下志留统；4.志留系；5.辉绿玢岩；6.辉石岩；7.奥陶系；8.寒武系；9.武当群；10.逆断层；11.研究区；12.铂钯矿及取样位置

Fig. 3. Figure of geology Fangxian Donghe in northern margin of Yangtze platform

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图 4 东河超基性岩岩石标本及岩石镜下特征照片

a.灰绿色块状构造变辉石岩；b.灰绿色含黄铁矿矿化块状构造角闪辉石岩；c.灰绿色块状角闪辉石岩；d.辉石式解理及简单双晶；e.不规则粒状角闪石，少量钛铁矿、磁铁矿；f.针状透闪石交代角闪石及辉石；g.透辉石、角闪石、绿帘石及绿泥石等沿边缘及裂隙交代普通辉石；h.棕褐色不规则粒状角闪石沿辉石、透辉石边缘及裂隙交代；i.发育聚片双晶结构的斜长石；j.辉石式解理及简单双晶；k.棕褐色不规则粒状角闪石沿辉石、透辉石边缘及裂隙交代，呈残余结构；l.不规则粒状斜长石被绿帘石、黝帘石及绿泥石等交代强烈呈假象结构; Aug.普通辉石；HbI.普通角闪石；PI.斜长石；Ab.钠长石；Di.透辉石；Mt.磁铁矿；Ilm.钛铁矿；Chl.绿泥石；Zo.黝帘石；Ep.绿帘石

Fig. 4. Rocks sample photographs and microphotographs of rocks of the ultramafic rocks in Donghe area

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图 5 扬子陆块北缘东河超基性岩锆石的CL图像和U-Pb年龄分析点(实线圆圈)及Lu-Hf同位素分析点(虚线圆圈)

Fig. 5. CL images of zircons from the Donghe ultramafic rocks in northern margin of Yangtze platform and the points for U-Pb analysis (the solid circles) and Lu-Hf isotope analysis (dashed circles)

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图 6 超基性岩锆石U-Pb谐和图(a)和加权平均年龄图(b)

Fig. 6. Zircon U-Pb concordia diagram (a) and weighted average age (b) for ultramafic rocks

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图 7 扬子陆块北缘东河超基性岩TAS分类图解

据Middlemost(1994); 镇坪辉绿岩数据来源于邹先武等(2011)；北大巴碱性岩墙群数据来源于张成立等(2002)；北大巴基性岩墙群数据来源于王存智等(2009)；兰家畈基性火山岩数据来源于董云鹏等(1998)

Fig. 7. TAS nomination diagram for rock classification from the Donghe ultramafic rocks in northern margin of Yangtze platform

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图 8 东河超基性岩脉的球粒陨石标准化稀土配分图(a)和原始地幔标准化微量元素分布图(b)

标准化值据Sun and McDonough(1989)

Fig. 8. Chondrite-normalized REE abundances (a) and primitive mantle-normalized trace element abundances (b) of the Donghe ultramafic rocks

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图 9 东河超基性岩(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i-ε_Nd(t)图解

其中数字表示地壳物质参与的比例，计算采用的参数Nd(10^-6)、ε_Nd(t)、Sr(10^-6)、(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i值如下：软流圈地幔(DM)分别为1.2、+8、20和0.703；玄武岩分别为15、+8、200和0.704；上地壳(UCC)分别为30、-12、250和0.740，据Jahn et al.(2000)；下地壳(LCC)分别为20、-15、230和0.708，据Wu et al.(2000)

Fig. 9. (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i vs.ε_Nd(t) diagram for the Donghe ultramafic rocks

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图 10 东河超基型脉岩锆石Hf同位素特征

Fig. 10. Zircon Hf isotopic features of the Donghe ultramafic dyke

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图 11 东河超基性岩¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd对⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr相关图解

DM.亏损地幔，EMⅠ、EMⅡ.富集地幔，据Zindler and Hart(1986)

Fig. 11. ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd vs. ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr plot for the Donghe ultramafic rocks

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图 12 东河超基性岩脉Th/Yb-Nb/Yb(a)、Ba/Th-TH/Nb(b)和Nb/Zr-Th/Zr(c)图解

a.据Pearce(2008); b.据Hanyu et al.(2006); c.据Woodhead et al.(2001)

Fig. 12. Th/Yb-Nb/Yb (a), Ba/Th-TH/Nb (b) and Nb/Zr-Th/Zr (c) diagrams of the Donghe ultramafic rocks

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图 13 东河超基性岩脉构造环境判别图

a.据Pearce(1979); b.据Wood(1979); c.据Meschede(1986); d.据Nisbet et al.(1977)

Fig. 13. Discrimination diagrams of tectonic settings for the Donghe ultramafic rocks

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表 2 东河超基性岩元素地球化学组成(主量元素：%；微量元素：10^-6)

Table 2. Element compositions of the Donghe ultramafic rocks (major element: %; trace element: 10^-6)

样品编号	DH-B3	DH-B4	DH-B5	DH-B8	DH-B11	DH-B13	DH-B14	DH-B15	DH-B16	DH-B17
样品名称	蚀变辉石岩	蚀变辉石岩	含长辉石岩	角闪辉石岩	蚀变辉石岩	蚀变辉石岩	蚀变辉石岩	蚀变辉石岩	蚀变辉石岩	蚀变辉石岩
SiO₂	43.86	42.21	47.46	40.81	40.07	41.09	38.93	40.59	39.73	39.37
Al₂O₃	4.55	8.90	7.05	8.47	11.09	14.40	9.80	11.25	15.46	11.38
Fe₂O₃	7.32	8.10	4.79	7.74	8.21	9.03	10.08	5.92	11.86	10.52
FeO	9.07	8.11	6.25	9.82	9.09	4.97	8.64	10.32	2.22	7.62
CaO	12.77	13.44	17.06	12.82	13.41	16.58	14.40	11.70	20.59	12.38
MgO	16.24	10.14	12.23	12.77	8.69	5.92	8.71	9.01	8.56	8.49
K₂O	0.093	0.652	0.202	0.455	0.887	0.377	0.190	0.295	0.088	1.30
Na₂O	0.391	1.54	1.18	0.593	1.32	1.33	0.491	2.00	0.880	1.18
TiO₂	3.62	4.24	2.20	4.12	4.73	3.28	6.33	5.26	3.70	4.05
P₂O₅	0.054	0.238	0.189	0.066	0.621	1.04	0.041	0.723	0.780	0.614
MnO	0.186	0.171	0.174	0.215	0.225	0.101	0.166	0.249	0.063	0.176
LOI	1.98	2.70	1.33	2.20	1.39	2.22	2.34	2.11	2.41	2.36
Total	98.69	98.79	99.02	98.62	98.62	99.03	98.71	98.60	99.27	98.75
Na₂O/K₂O	4.20	2.36	5.84	1.30	1.49	3.53	2.58	6.78	10.00	0.91
Mg^#	64.90	54.00	67.37	57.56	48.46	54.36	50.20	50.66	50.06	46.98
La	6.42	26.6	15.5	10.0	22.6	47.1	9.92	20.9	77.6	36.2
Ce	19.7	66.9	43.0	27.6	60.0	118	20.8	56.5	157	74.0
Pr	2.80	8.01	5.78	3.70	7.60	14.0	2.74	7.67	16.8	8.90
Nd	14.6	36.3	28.8	18.5	36.6	64.1	14.2	38.8	71.0	42.4
Sm	3.96	8.13	7.18	4.65	8.36	13.8	3.94	9.23	14.3	9.67
Eu	1.22	2.34	2.23	1.59	2.69	4.54	1.34	3.23	4.80	3.03
Gd	3.52	7.00	6.28	4.13	7.32	12.1	3.60	7.95	12.5	8.41
Tb	0.58	1.08	1.01	0.68	1.12	1.80	0.60	1.22	1.86	1.30
Dy	3.36	5.74	5.71	3.78	6.13	9.54	3.35	6.51	9.72	7.12
Ho	0.60	1.01	1.02	0.68	1.07	1.67	0.58	1.13	1.68	1.26
Er	1.40	2.36	2.39	1.57	2.45	3.83	1.34	2.61	4.00	2.93
Tm	0.19	0.31	0.32	0.22	0.31	0.48	0.18	0.33	0.51	0.38
Yb	1.10	1.77	1.92	1.29	1.78	2.68	1.00	1.89	2.91	2.17
Lu	0.14	0.21	0.24	0.16	0.22	0.31	0.12	0.23	0.34	0.26
Y	12.6	21.5	22.2	14.6	23.4	37.2	12.6	24.6	38.5	27.5
ΣREE	59.59	167.76	121.38	78.55	158.25	293.95	63.71	158.20	375.02	198.03
LREE	48.70	148.28	102.49	66.04	137.85	261.54	52.94	136.33	341.50	174.20
HREE	10.89	19.48	18.89	12.51	20.40	32.41	10.77	21.87	33.52	23.83
LREE/HREE	4.47	7.61	5.43	5.28	6.76	8.07	4.92	6.23	10.19	7.31
La_N/Yb_N	3.94	10.16	5.46	5.24	8.58	11.88	6.70	7.47	18.02	11.27
δEu	0.98	0.93	0.99	1.09	1.03	1.05	1.07	1.13	1.07	1.00
δCe	1.09	1.07	1.06	1.06	1.07	1.07	0.92	1.05	0.98	0.95
Pb	1.91	6.30	6.70	2.95	7.80	12.5	8.02	3.31	15.5	13.6
Cr	1 050	413	819	570	144	21.8	9.77	180	22.5	212
Ni	534	234	189	359	196	50.2	178	185	50.1	219
Co	95.8	94.8	60.2	93.2	77.9	92.7	52.3	77.7	166	74.7
Rb	4.12	18.0	5.65	12.1	21.3	8.57	5.50	7.87	3.05	39.8
Sr	624	521	550	410	837	2 290	1 120	806	3 820	1 300
Ba	51.5	76.8	145	46.9	28.6	24.3	30.2	59.9	26.4	36.2
V	350	451	324	438	540	516	620	417	499	462
Sc	61.8	55.9	73.3	56.8	58.4	26.8	56.1	40.7	22.5	39.5
Nb	14.6	32.6	10.2	16.2	25.3	47.6	22.8	35.2	83.6	36.9
Ta	0.21	1.24	0.50	0.36	0.77	1.84	0.90	1.69	4.19	1.48
Zr	87.1	193	113	119	127	213	114	102	351	138
Hf	1.98	4.94	3.24	3.03	3.50	5.10	3.13	2.61	9.30	3.72
U	0.10	0.62	0.11	0.18	0.20	0.79	0.14	0.14	2.30	0.43
Th	0.86	2.31	0.94	1.36	1.29	3.52	0.80	0.82	7.95	1.12

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表 3 东河地区超基性岩锆石原位Hf同位素组成

Table 3. Zircon Lu-Hf isotopic compositions of the Donghe ultramafic rocks

点号	¹⁷⁶Yb/¹⁷⁷Hf	¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf	¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf	2σ	年龄(Ma)	(¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf)_i	ε_Hf(0)	ε_Hf(t)	f_Lu/Hf	t_DM	t_2DM
DH1-1	0.015 200	0.000 413	0.282 748	0.000 014	430	0.282 745	-0.85	8.52	-0.99	703	873
DH1-2	0.012 661	0.000 364	0.282 775	0.000 017	421	0.282 737	-1.17	8.03	-0.99	714	898
DH1-3	0.037 026	0.001 121	0.282 761	0.000 034	447	0.282 760	-0.28	9.42	-0.98	683	829
DH1-4	0.032 398	0.000 885	0.282 756	0.000 017	434	0.282 778	0.35	9.77	-0.99	656	794
DH1-5	0.027 753	0.000 773	0.282 755	0.000 019	436	0.282 761	-0.18	9.22	-0.98	682	833
DH1-6	0.027 525	0.000 733	0.282 751	0.000 016	426	0.282 744	-0.71	8.39	-0.97	708	877
DH1-7	0.019 274	0.000 530	0.282 753	0.000 016	433	0.282 706	-2.12	7.20	-0.98	759	958
DH1-8	0.022 381	0.000 621	0.282 796	0.000 020	442	0.282 782	0.50	10.09	-0.98	652	782
DH1-9	0.019 556	0.000 540	0.282 741	0.000 016	427	0.282 781	0.46	9.72	-0.98	654	794
DH1-10	0.028 259	0.000 765	0.282 735	0.000 018	435	0.282 772	0.11	9.58	-0.99	665	809
DH1-11	0.017 352	0.000 474	0.282 776	0.000 015	423	0.282 752	-0.39	8.61	-0.97	698	861
DH1-12	0.010 994	0.000 321	0.282 739	0.000 016	441	0.282 749	-0.57	8.90	-0.97	701	858
DH1-13	0.022 548	0.000 619	0.282 712	0.000 015	435	0.282 749	-0.60	8.77	-0.98	700	861
DH1-14	0.019 478	0.000 535	0.282 764	0.000 016	489	0.282 744	-0.74	9.79	-0.98	705	837
DH1-15	0.016 175	0.000 447	0.282 782	0.000 016	441	0.282 749	-0.67	8.90	-0.98	698	857
DH1-16	0.024 815	0.000 683	0.282 767	0.000 016	427	0.282 791	0.85	10.08	-0.98	640	771
DH1-17	0.036 630	0.000 999	0.282 752	0.000 016	430	0.282 737	-1.10	8.23	-0.98	715	891
DH1-18	0.025 703	0.000 689	0.282 712	0.000 016	441	0.282 729	-1.31	8.19	-0.98	728	903
DH1-19	0.019 464	0.000 528	0.282 786	0.000 018	430	0.282 772	0.14	9.47	-0.99	665	811
DH1-20	0.020 349	0.000 563	0.282 785	0.000 015	432	0.282 707	-2.12	7.22	-0.98	757	957

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表 4 东河超基性岩脉全岩Sr-Nd同位素组成

Table 4. Whole-rock isotope compositions of the Donghe ultramafic rocks

样品号	Rb(10^-6)	Sr (10^-6)	⁸⁷Rb/⁸⁶Sr	⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr	2σ	(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i	ε_Sr(t)	Sm(10^-6)	Nd(10^-6)	¹⁴⁷Sm/ ¹⁴⁴Nd	¹⁴³Nd/ ¹⁴⁴Nd	ε_Nd(t)	I_Nd	f_Sm/Nd	t_DM(Ga)	t_2DM(Ga)
DH-B3	1.574	52.14	0.087 010	0.703 88	5	0.703 34	-9.2	3.781	14.03	0.163 0	0.512 782	4.68	0.512 320	-0.17	1.111	0.792
DH-B4	18.170	471.30	0.111 100	0.704 22	3	0.703 53	-6.5	7.820	35.28	0.134 1	0.512 705	4.78	0.512 325	-0.32	0.855	0.784
DH-B5	4.454	486.90	0.026 370	0.704 02	5	0.703 86	-1.9	6.866	27.99	0.148 4	0.512 760	5.05	0.512 339	-0.25	0.914	0.761
DH-B8	12.670	368.00	0.099 180	0.703 87	3	0.703 26	-10.4	4.404	17.53	0.152 0	0.512 755	4.76	0.512 324	-0.23	0.980	0.785
DH-B11	4.512	1 006.00	0.012 920	0.704 23	7	0.704 15	2.3	3.780	13.90	0.164 5	0.512 813	5.21	0.512 347	-0.16	1.050	0.749
DH-B13	7.335	703.20	0.030 060	0.703 71	2	0.703 52	-6.7	8.882	37.71	0.142 5	0.512 713	4.47	0.512 309	-0.28	0.939	0.809
DH-B14	21.550	720.40	0.086 190	0.704 17	4	0.703 64	-5.0	8.193	36.16	0.137 1	0.512 718	4.86	0.512 329	-0.30	0.863	0.777
DH-B15	6.942	2 148.00	0.009 312	0.704 04	2	0.703 98	-0.1	13.780	65.28	0.127 7	0.512 696	4.96	0.512 334	-0.35	0.808	0.770
DH-B16	2.164	2 945.00	0.002 117	0.704 06	3	0.704 05	0.9	14.550	73.34	0.120 0	0.512 690	5.27	0.512 350	-0.39	0.751	0.744
DH-B17	43.320	1 207.00	0.103 400	0.704 40	1	0.703 76	-3.3	9.849	43.50	0.137 0	0.512 692	4.37	0.512 304	-0.30	0.914	0.818

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