Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Geochemistry of the Gneissic Granodiorite in Manite Area from East Kunlun, with Implications for Geodynamic Setting
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摘要: 为确定东昆仑马尼特地区片麻状花岗闪长岩的形成时代、源区性质和构造背景，对其进行了锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学和锆石Hf同位素研究.本次测试的片麻状花岗闪长岩锆石LA-ICP-MS(laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) U-Pb加权平均年龄为495.6±1.1 Ma(MSWD=0.13)，属于晚寒武世.马尼特片麻状花岗闪长岩SiO2含量为61.47%~63.99%，Na2O、K2O和CaO含量分别为2.91%~3.64%、0.93%~2.31%和4.29%~6.52%，全碱ALK=3.92%~5.69%，铝饱和指数A/CNK=0.83~0.97，属准铝质钙碱性系列岩石.岩石具有富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、K)和不相容元素(Th、U)，相对亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、Ti高场强元素的特征，Nb/Ta、La/Nb、Th/Nb、Th/La等比值显示出岩石具有壳源特征.岩石具有高的εHf(t)值(12.2~15.0)，Hf两阶段模式年龄在506~662 Ma范围内，其岩浆源区初始物质主要来源于新生地壳.岩石在微量元素Rb-(Y+Nb)构造判别图落入火山弧花岗岩区域，在R1-R2构造判别图落入板块碰撞前消减区花岗岩区域.结合岩石成岩年龄、地球化学特征以及区域构造演化，推测其应形成于原特提斯洋俯冲的构造环境，属于大洋洋壳向南俯冲的产物，即柴达木地块和万宝沟大洋玄武岩高原之间的洋壳同时向南、北发生双向俯冲消减.Abstract: In order to determine the formation time, magma source, and tectonic setting of the gneissic granodiorite in Manite area, East Kunlun, zircon U-Pb dating, Hf isotope data and geochemistry of the gneissic granodiorite are studied in this paper. The chronology indicates that the magmatic zircon LA-ICP-MS (laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) U-Pb weighted mean age of the Manite gneissic granodiorite in the East Kunlun is 495.6±1.1 Ma (MSWD=0.13), belonging to the Late Cambrian. The gneissic granodiorites have SiO2 of 61.47%-63.99%, Na2O of 2.91%~3.64%, K2O of 0.93%-2.31%, CaO of 4.29%-6.52%, ALK of 3.92%-5.69% and A/CNK=0.83~0.97. Chemically, they are metaluminous and belong to calc-alkaline rock series. The gneissic granodiorite is characterized by the enrichment of LILEs (Rb and K) and incompatible elements(Th and U), and depletion of HFSEs(Nb, Ta, Zr and Ti). The ratios of Nb/Ta, La/Nb, Th/Nb and Th/La show crustal characteristics. The εHf(t) values of zircons from the gneissic granodiorite range from 12.2-15.0, their Hf two-stage model ages vary from 506 to 662 Ma. The initial materials are mainly derived from the juvenile crust. The gneissic granodiorite falls into the volcano arc granite area with the determination of trace elements in Rb-(Y+Nb) tectonic discrimination diagram and falls into the zone of pre-plate collision with the characteristics of active continental margin before the collision. Combined with the geochronological data, geochemical characteristics and the regional tectonic evolution, it is concluded that the gneissic granodiorite in the Manite area was formed in the environment of Proto-Tethys Ocean crust subduction, presumably it belongs to the southward subduction of oceanic crust. The crust between the Qaidam massif and Wanbaogou oceanic plateau occurred bidirectional subduction to the south and the north.
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Key words:
- gneissic granodiorite /
- geochemistry /
- zircon U-Pb dating /
- geochronology /
- Manite area /
- East Kunlun
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图 1 马尼特地区地质简图
1.第四系；2.中二叠世马尔争组板岩、千枚岩；3.中二叠世马尔争组砂岩、砾岩；4.华力西期花岗闪长岩；5.华力西期闪长玢岩脉；6.片麻状花岗闪长岩；7.正断层/逆断层；8.构造蚀变破碎带；9.研究区位置；10.岩体位置及取样位置；据青海省第三地质矿产勘查院，2013.青海省都兰县马尼特地区金矿普查2012年工作总结及2013年工作安排.青海
Fig. 1. The sketch geological map of the Manite area
图 2 马尼特片麻状花岗闪长岩显微照片
a.片麻状花岗闪长岩中定向的角闪石(单偏光)；b.片麻状花岗闪长岩中角闪石的简单双晶及闪石式解理、石英、斜长石的聚片双晶(正交偏光).矿物代号缩写：Qtz.石英，Pl.斜长石，Hbl.角闪石，Al.碱性长石
Fig. 2. The micrographs of the Manite gneissic granodiorite
图 3 马尼特片麻状花岗闪长岩锆石阴极发光图像
Fig. 3. Cathodoluminescence images of analyzed zircons of the Manite gneissic granodiorite
图 4 马尼特片麻状花岗闪长岩锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图
Fig. 4. U-Pb concordia ages of the Manite gneissic granodiorite
图 5 马尼特片麻状花岗闪长岩TAS、SiO2-K2O和A/CNK-A/NK
a.据Irvine and Baragar(1971)；b.据Peccerillo and Taylor(1976)；c.据Maniar and Piccoli(1989)
Fig. 5. Total alkali versus SiO2, SiO2 versus K2O and A/CNK versus A/NK diagrams for the Manite gneissic granodiorite
图 6 马尼特片麻状花岗闪长岩稀土元素配分模式和微量元素蛛网图
a.球粒陨石值据Boynton(1984)；b.原始地幔值据Sun and McDonough(1989)
Fig. 6. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns and primitive mantle-normalized trace element patterns for the Manite gneissic granodiorite
图 7 马尼特片麻状花岗闪长岩锆石的εHf(t)-t图解
Fig. 7. εHf(t) versus t diagram of the Manite gneissic granodiorite
图 8 马尼特片麻状闪长岩构造环境判别图解
a.据Harris et al.(1986)；b.据Pearce(1996)
Fig. 8. Tectonic setting discrimination diagrams of the Manite gneissic granodiorite
图 9 柴达木地块和万宝沟大洋玄武岩高原之间的洋壳同时向南、北发生双向俯冲消减
Fig. 9. The crust between the Qaidam massif and Wanbaogou oceanic plateau occurred bidirectional subduction to the south and the north
表 1 马尼特片麻状花岗闪长岩锆石LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素定年数据
Table 1. LA-MC-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb isotope dating results of the Manite gneissic granodiorite
测点号 质量百分含量(10-6) Th/U 同位素比率 同位素年龄(Ma) Pb Th U 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ MNT-N4-1 43.9 92.1 275 0.33 0.056 8 0.002 0 0.626 6 0.021 3 0.079 5 0.000 8 483 81 494 13 493 5 MNT-N4-2 88.1 196.0 515 0.38 0.056 7 0.003 2 0.633 2 0.032 5 0.080 3 0.001 0 480 131 498 20 498 6 MNT-N4-3 39.8 79.9 276 0.29 0.057 1 0.001 8 0.622 9 0.019 2 0.079 0 0.000 8 494 70 492 12 490 5 MNT-N4-4 41.0 79.5 300 0.27 0.055 8 0.001 8 0.615 6 0.018 8 0.080 1 0.000 7 443 77 487 12 496 4 MNT-N4-5 27.9 57.4 183 0.31 0.054 3 0.002 4 0.621 0 0.028 5 0.082 1 0.001 0 383 98 490 18 509 6 MNT-N4-6 39.0 78.3 296 0.26 0.057 0 0.001 9 0.622 7 0.019 5 0.079 4 0.000 9 500 72 492 12 493 5 MNT-N4-7 58.4 122.0 378 0.32 0.056 7 0.001 5 0.627 8 0.019 9 0.080 0 0.001 2 480 61 495 12 496 7 MNT-N4-8 70.3 151.0 424 0.36 0.057 0 0.001 6 0.630 2 0.018 4 0.080 0 0.000 7 500 60 496 11 496 4 MNT-N4-9 39.0 73.2 272 0.27 0.056 9 0.001 9 0.626 6 0.021 0 0.079 8 0.000 8 487 74 494 13 495 5 MNT-N4-10 97.0 230.0 529 0.43 0.056 4 0.001 6 0.623 8 0.018 0 0.080 1 0.000 6 478 32 492 11 497 4 MNT-N4-11 43.7 98.1 315 0.31 0.056 9 0.001 9 0.631 3 0.022 4 0.080 1 0.001 1 487 77 497 14 497 7 MNT-N4-12 111.0 246.0 751 0.33 0.056 9 0.001 4 0.630 1 0.016 0 0.080 0 0.000 9 487 52 496 10 496 5 MNT-N4-13 90.0 210.0 577 0.36 0.057 3 0.001 4 0.631 2 0.015 1 0.079 5 0.000 6 502 52 497 9 493 4 MNT-N4-14 65.6 156.0 336 0.47 0.057 1 0.001 7 0.631 0 0.018 9 0.079 8 0.000 7 494 67 497 12 495 4 MNT-N4-15 113.0 279.0 560 0.50 0.056 2 0.001 6 0.622 3 0.016 9 0.080 1 0.000 7 457 63 491 11 496 4 MNT-N4-16 53.7 121.0 314 0.39 0.056 5 0.002 0 0.624 4 0.021 5 0.080 0 0.000 9 478 78 493 13 496 5 MNT-N4-17 42.0 93.8 233 0.40 0.057 1 0.002 3 0.630 2 0.024 7 0.079 7 0.000 8 494 61 496 15 494 5 MNT-N4-18 45.5 113.0 228 0.49 0.056 9 0.002 0 0.631 2 0.021 5 0.080 2 0.000 8 487 78 497 13 497 5 MNT-N4-19 59.2 121.0 435 0.28 0.057 3 0.001 6 0.630 8 0.017 5 0.079 3 0.000 9 502 61 497 11 492 5 MNT-N4-20 67.2 142.0 476 0.30 0.056 8 0.001 6 0.628 9 0.018 0 0.079 6 0.000 8 483 61 495 11 493 5 注：测试单位和测试时间：中国地质大学(武汉)地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室，2014. 
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表 2 马尼特片麻状花岗闪长岩锆石Lu-Hf同位素组成
Table 2. Zircon Lu-Hf isotopic compositions of the Manite gneissic granodiorite
测点号 176Hf/177Hf 2σ 176Lu/177Hf 2σ 176Yb/177Hf 2σ εHf(0) εHf(t) 2σ tDM1(Ma) tDM2(Ma) fLu/Hf MNT-N4-1 0.282 821 0.000 021 0.001 279 0.000 035 0.034 368 0.000 971 1.7 12.2 0.9 615 662 -0.96 MNT-N4-2 0.282 870 0.000 026 0.001 371 0.000 016 0.035 880 0.000 675 3.5 13.9 1.0 547 567 -0.96 MNT-N4-3 0.282 862 0.000 020 0.001 015 0.000 047 0.025 604 0.001 054 3.2 13.8 0.9 553 576 -0.97 MNT-N4-4 0.282 889 0.000 033 0.001 136 0.000 021 0.029 492 0.000 554 4.2 14.7 1.3 516 524 -0.97 MNT-N4-5 0.282 846 0.000 034 0.000 916 0.000 037 0.024 877 0.001 124 2.6 13.2 1.3 574 605 -0.97 MNT-N4-6 0.282 831 0.000 023 0.000 917 0.000 019 0.023 160 0.000 316 2.1 12.7 1.0 596 636 -0.97 MNT-N4-7 0.282 885 0.000 025 0.001 116 0.000 026 0.028 986 0.000 737 4.0 14.5 1.0 522 533 -0.97 MNT-N4-8 0.282 883 0.000 025 0.001 103 0.000 026 0.028 373 0.000 558 3.9 14.5 1.0 524 536 -0.97 MNT-N4-9 0.282 857 0.000 024 0.001 126 0.000 009 0.028 875 0.000 158 3.0 13.6 1.0 562 587 -0.97 MNT-N4-10 0.282 844 0.000 017 0.001 738 0.000 039 0.043 394 0.001 124 2.5 12.9 0.8 590 625 -0.95 MNT-N4-11 0.282 830 0.000 025 0.001 003 0.000 005 0.025 502 0.000 080 2.0 12.6 1.0 598 639 -0.97 MNT-N4-12 0.282 863 0.000 028 0.001 046 0.000 024 0.026 522 0.000 698 3.2 13.8 1.1 553 575 -0.97 MNT-N4-13 0.282 898 0.000 034 0.001 027 0.000 050 0.025 491 0.001 383 4.4 15.0 1.3 503 506 -0.97 MNT-N4-14 0.282 891 0.000 028 0.001 372 0.000 041 0.038 084 0.001 123 4.2 14.7 1.1 517 525 -0.96 MNT-N4-15 0.282 898 0.000 037 0.002 090 0.000 049 0.057 525 0.000 655 4.4 14.7 1.4 517 525 -0.94
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表 3 马尼特片麻状花岗闪长岩主量元素(%)、稀土元素及微量元素(10-6)分析结果
Table 3. Major(%), REE and trace (10-6) element compositions of the Manite gneissic granodiorite
样号 MNT-1 MNT-2 MNT-3 MNT-4 MNT-5 MNT-6 MNT-7 SiO2 62.64 61.67 61.80 63.28 63.19 61.47 63.99 TiO2 0.38 0.39 0.38 0.36 0.36 0.39 0.39 Al2O3 15.52 14.84 14.99 14.64 14.79 14.81 15.37 Fe2O3 6.39 7.36 7.22 6.56 6.42 7.28 5.96 MnO 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.14 MgO 2.71 3.60 3.55 3.12 3.40 3.64 2.04 CaO 4.67 6.28 6.04 5.87 5.38 6.52 4.29 Na2O 3.64 2.93 2.91 3.35 3.29 2.99 3.38 K2O 1.94 1.08 1.16 1.02 1.31 0.93 2.31 P2O5 0.11 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.11 LOI 1.74 1.52 1.62 1.49 1.55 1.65 1.94 Total 99.9 99.92 99.91 99.93 99.93 99.92 99.92 K2O/Na2O 0.53 0.37 0.40 0.30 0.40 0.31 0.68 A/CNK 0.93 0.85 0.88 0.85 0.89 0.83 0.97 A/NK 1.92 2.48 2.48 2.21 2.16 2.50 1.91 K2O+Na2O 5.58 4.01 4.07 4.37 4.60 3.92 5.69 V 140 162 161 148 143 172 123 Cr 31.0 62.1 57.4 50.9 65.0 62.6 13.5 Cs 1.080 0.796 0.839 0.757 1.080 0.726 1.20 Ga 11.50 9.94 10.00 9.49 10.50 9.86 9.97 Hf 1.27 1.22 1.24 1.26 1.39 1.09 1.15 Rb 73.9 24.5 29.2 27.8 42.4 20.4 77.6 Sr 268 269 282 269 292 259 234 Zr 32.5 25.7 32.3 28.6 35.6 24.0 30.3 Nb 3.37 2.63 2.85 3.13 3.63 2.73 2.93 Ba 598 426 464 299 385 292 626 Ta 0.32 0.27 0.25 0.29 0.30 0.26 0.27 Th 7.84 3.26 3.54 4.26 5.39 3.26 5.64 U 1.43 1.51 1.48 1.5 1.44 1.48 1.22 Y 13.6 11.9 11.7 11.1 12.1 12 10.3 La 21.7 11.8 10.9 14.0 15.0 11.4 14.2 Ce 36.9 21.1 21.1 24.4 27.5 20.6 24.9 Pr 4.03 2.45 2.40 2.78 3.11 2.38 2.77 Nd 14.70 9.64 9.51 10.50 11.90 9.69 10.10 Sm 2.83 2.02 2.13 2.06 2.51 2.06 1.96 Eu 0.77 0.58 0.53 0.53 0.64 0.59 0.61 Gd 2.91 2.09 2.19 2.28 2.78 2.10 1.85 Tb 0.47 0.40 0.35 0.42 0.41 0.34 0.32 Dy 2.47 2.09 2.09 1.95 2.26 2.16 1.75 Ho 0.52 0.44 0.44 0.40 0.46 0.43 0.36 Er 1.62 1.40 1.43 1.31 1.44 1.39 1.12 Tm 0.26 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.22 0.20 Yb 1.81 1.53 1.45 1.51 1.64 1.50 1.29 Lu 0.29 0.24 0.23 0.23 0.25 0.23 0.22 δEu 0.82 0.85 0.74 0.75 0.73 0.85 0.97 ΣREE 91.27 55.99 54.98 62.60 70.13 55.09 61.64 LREE 80.93 47.59 46.57 54.27 60.65 46.72 54.54 HREE 10.34 8.40 8.42 8.33 9.47 8.37 7.10 LREE/HREE 7.83 5.67 5.53 6.52 6.40 5.58 7.68 (La/Yb)N 8.08 5.20 5.07 6.25 6.17 5.12 7.42 Rb/Sr 0.28 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.15 0.08 0.33 Rb/Nb 21.93 9.32 10.25 8.88 11.68 7.47 26.48 Nb/Ta 10.60 9.85 11.26 10.98 12.14 10.71 10.89 La/Nb 6.44 4.49 3.82 4.47 4.13 4.18 4.85 Th/Nb 2.33 1.24 1.24 1.36 1.48 1.19 1.92 Th/La 0.36 0.28 0.32 0.30 0.36 0.29 0.40 注：LOI.烧失量；A/CNK=Al2O3/(CaO+Na2O+K2O)摩尔比；δEu=2×(Eu/0.0735)/(Gd/0.259+Sm/0.195)；LREE=La+Ce+Pr+Nd+Sm+Eu；HREE=Gd+Tb+Dy+Ho+Er+Tm+Yb+Lu；(La/Yb)N=(La/0.310)/(Yb/0.209).
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