西藏定结高压基性麻粒岩(退变榴辉岩)的变质<i>P-T</i>轨迹及构造意义

丁自耕; 仝来喜; 刘小汉; 刘兆; 周学君

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2018.013

西藏定结高压基性麻粒岩(退变榴辉岩)的变质P-T轨迹及构造意义

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.013

丁自耕^1,2,,
仝来喜^1, ,,
刘小汉³,
刘兆^1,2,
周学君³

1.
中国科学院广州地球化学研究所同位素地球化学国家重点实验室, 广东广州 510640
2.
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
3.
中国科学院青藏高原研究所, 北京 100085

基金项目:

国家自然基金项目 41272261

详细信息

作者简介:
丁自耕(1993-), 男, 硕士研究生, 主要从事矿物学、岩石学、矿床学研究

通讯作者:
仝来喜

中图分类号: P581
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-08-01
- 刊出日期: 2018-01-15

Metamorphic P-T Path of High-Pressure Mafic Granulite (Retrograded Eclogite) from Dinggye of Tibet and Its Tectonic Implication

Ding Zigeng^{1,2
,},
Tong Laixi^{1
, ,},
Liu Xiaohan³,
Liu Zhao^1,2,
Zhou Xuejun³

1.
State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3.
Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China

摘要

摘要: 定结（Dinggye）位于藏南高喜马拉雅结晶岩系的中部，研究该区域麻粒岩的变质P-T轨迹对于理解青藏高原的碰撞和抬升过程至关重要.通过对该地区的高压基性麻粒岩（退变榴辉岩）的岩相学观察，确定了4期矿物组合：（1）峰期榴辉岩相矿物组合（M₁）由石榴子石（核部）+绿辉石（假象）+石英+金红石组成；（2）高压麻粒岩相矿物组合（M₂）主要由石榴子石（幔部）+单斜辉石+斜长石+钛铁矿+角闪石+黑云母组成；（3）中压麻粒岩相矿物组合（M₃）由石榴子石（边缘）+斜方辉石+斜长石+钛铁矿+黑云母组成；（4）角闪岩相矿物组合（M₄）主要由角闪石+斜长石组成.在NCFMASHTO体系下，用THERMOCALC软件对该高压基性麻粒岩进行了热力学模拟.结合传统温压计和平均温压计计算结果，求得M₂、M₃、M₄阶段的温压条件分别为786~826 ℃、0.78~0.96 GPa；798~850 ℃、0.71~0.75 GPa；610~666 ℃、0.51~0.60 GPa，这指示了一条以峰期后近等温降压（ITD）为特征的顺时针P-T轨迹.结合已有地质资料，表明定结高压基性麻粒岩（退变榴辉岩）是喜马拉雅碰撞造山的产物，峰期后经历了近等温降压的构造抬升过程.
- 高压基性麻粒岩 /
- P-T轨迹 /
- 碰撞造山 /
- 高喜马拉雅 /
- 定结 /
- 岩石学
Abstract: Dinggye is located in the central part of the Greater Himalayan crystalline complex (GHC) in southern Tibet. It is essential to investigate the metamorphic P-T path of granulite in this area to better understand the collision and uplifting process of the Tibetan plateau. The petrological study of the high-pressure mafic granulite (retrograded eclogite) from the region indicates four stages:(1) peak eclogite facies mineral assemblage (M₁) consists of garnet (core)+omphacite (psedomorph)+quartz+rutile; (2) high-pressure granulite facies mineral assemblage (M₂) comprises garnet (mantle)+clinopyroxene+plagioclase+ilmenite+amphibole+biotite; (3) medium-pressure granulite facies assemblage (M₃) is composed of garnet (rim)+orthopyroxene+plagioclase+biotite; (4) amphibolite facies mineral assemblage (M₄) consists of amphibole+plagioclase. Using the THERMOCALC program, the thermodynamic modeling in the NCFMASHTO system has been undertaken for the high-pressure mafic granulite. Combined with the conventional thermobarometers and the average P-T estimates, the P-T conditions of the different metamorphic stages are estimated to be 786-826℃, 0.78-0.96 GPa (M₂); 798-850℃, 0.71-0.75 GPa (M₃); and 610-666℃, 0.51-0.60 GPa (M₄), respectively, indicating a post-peak clockwise P-T path characterized by nearly isothermal decompression. Combined with geological data available, we propose that the high-pressure mafic granulite (retrograded eclogite) of the Dinggye formed during the Himalayan collisional orogeny, and underwent a post-peak tectonic uplift process of nearly isothermal decompression.
- high-pressure mafic granulite /
- P-T path /
- collisional orogenesis /
- Greater Himalaya /
- Dinggye /
- petrology

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图 1 喜马拉雅造山带(a)、喜马拉雅中部(b)以及定结区域(c)地质简图

图a据Xu et al.(2013)修改；图b据Grujic et al.(2011)修改，并标示出了前人发现的麻粒岩化榴辉岩的位置和变质年龄(Kellet et al., 2014；刘树文等，2005; Corrie et al., 2010; Wang et al., 2017)；图c据刘树文等(2005)修改.STDS.藏南拆离断层系；MCT.主中央逆冲断层；MBT.主边界逆冲断层；ADM.Ama Drime地块；XDNFS.申扎-定结正断层体系；ADD.Ama Drime拆离断层；NRD.Nyönno Ri拆离断层

Fig. 1. Geological sketch of the Himalayan orogen (a), central Himalaya (b) and Dinggye area (c)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 定结高压基性麻粒岩的显微照片(a~d，单偏光)以及背散射照片(e~h)

a.基性麻粒岩中的石榴子石变斑晶、单斜辉石、斜长石、斜方辉石和钛铁矿等，L-13-64；b.石榴子石变斑晶中的金红石包裹体，L-13-60；c.绿辉石分解后形成的单斜辉石与斜长石的交生结构，L-13-60；d.峰期黑云母与角闪石共生，L-13-60；e.单斜辉石与斜长石的交生结构，L-13-60；f.石榴子石变斑晶边部的斜方辉石与斜长石的蠕虫状后成合晶，L-13-60；g.钛铁矿与斜方辉石和斜长石组成的后成合晶，L-13-60；h.斜方辉石与斜长石的蠕虫状后成合晶以及角闪石和斜长石的后成合晶，L-13-60.矿物缩写：g.石榴子石；opx.斜方辉石；cpx.单斜辉石；pl.斜长石；hb.角闪石；bi.黑云母；ilm.钛铁矿；ru.金红石；q.石英

Fig. 2. Photomicrographs and back scattered images (BSI) of high-pressure mafic granulites in Dinggye

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图 3 石榴子石变斑晶Grs-Alm+Sps-Pyr图解

A、B、C分别为科尔曼3类榴辉岩中石榴子石成分区；D为麻粒岩相石榴子石分布区，据Coleman et al.(1965)

Fig. 3. Grs-Alm+Sps-Pyr diagram for garnet porphyroblast

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图 4 石榴子石变斑晶成分剖面

Fig. 4. Core-rim compositional profile for the garnet porphyroblast

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图 5 基性麻粒岩中角闪石分类图解

据Leake et al.(2004)

Fig. 5. Classification diagram of amphiboles in the mafic granulite

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图 6 在NCFMASHTO(+q+H₂O)体系下模拟的定结高压基性麻粒岩的视剖面图及石榴子石钙含量等值线(X_Ca=Ca/(Fe+Mg+Ca))

Fig. 6. The P-T pseudosection and X_Ca (=Ca/(Fe+Mg+Ca) composition isopleth in the NCFMASHTO (+q+H₂O) system for the high-pressure mafic granulite from the Dingyye

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图 7 西藏定结高压基性麻粒岩(退变榴辉岩)的P-T轨迹

AM.角闪岩相；Amp-Ec.角闪-榴辉岩相；EA.绿帘角闪岩相；EC.榴辉岩相；Ep-Ec.绿帘-榴辉岩相；GR.麻粒岩相；GS.绿片岩相.相边界据Zhang et al.(2010)修改

Fig. 7. P-T paths of the Dinggye high-pressure mafic granulites (retrograded eclogite)

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表 1 定结高压基性麻粒岩中代表性矿物电子探针数据(%)

Table 1. The representative mineral microprobe data (%) of the high-pressure mafic granulite in Dinggye

榴辉岩相矿物组合(M₁)
矿物	g(c)	g(c)	g(c)	bi1	bi1	bi1	bi1	bi1	hb1	hb1	hb1	hb1		hb1		hb1
SiO₂	39.13	38.80	38.24	37.65	38.07	37.25	37.76	37.84	42.03	42.85	43.87	43.75		44.56		42.10
TiO₂	0.05	0.06	0.02	4.79	4.81	4.70	4.86	4.07	0.69	1.61	1.13	0.92		0.68		0.72
Al₂O₃	21.97	21.88	21.89	14.68	14.47	14.51	14.78	14.64	13.07	12.65	12.23	13.16		11.51		13.67
Cr₂O₃	0.01	0.01	0.04	0.05	0.10	0.08	0.04	0.04	0.00	0.02	0.03	0.01		0.01		0.03
Fe₂O₃	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00		0.00		0.00
FeO	23.04	24.40	24.18	18.82	18.62	18.14	20.61	19.23	16.44	17.56	17.59	17.23		16.56		17.89
MnO	0.57	1.03	0.61	0.04	0.05	0.05	0.08	0.02	0.06	0.14	0.12	0.13		0.08		0.09
MgO	4.83	3.81	3.87	11.24	11.44	11.00	10.41	12.29	10.97	9.17	9.96	9.77		10.87		9.78
CaO	10.75	10.44	11.38	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.00	11.33	11.16	11.17	11.17		11.89		11.69
Na₂O	0.02	0.04	0.03	0.12	0.15	0.24	0.20	0.18	1.13	1.35	1.26	1.21		1.02		1.44
K₂O	0.00	0.00	0.00	9.29	9.14	8.78	8.85	9.50	0.92	1.33	1.17	1.22		0.75		1.20
Cl	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.15	0.16	0.16	0.16	0.10	0.12	0.16	0.14	0.14		0.08		0.20
F	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.19	0.21	0.23	0.10	0.00	0.05	0.07	0.09	0.09		0.10		0.10
Total	100.38	100.47	100.27	97.02	97.22	95.14	97.87	97.91	96.81	98.07	98.76	98.80		98.11		98.92
Si	3.020	3.012	2.974	2.815	2.835	2.830	2.813	2.805	6.245	6.412	6.487	6.449		6.575		6.247
Ti	0.000	0.004	0.001	0.269	0.269	0.269	0.272	0.227	0.078	0.181	0.125	0.102		0.076		0.081
Al	1.997	2.002	2.007	1.294	1.270	1.300	1.298	1.280	2.289	2.232	2.132	2.287		2.003		2.392
Cr	0.001	0.001	0.002	0.003	0.006	0.005	0.002	0.002	0.000	0.003	0.003	0.002		0.001		0.004
Fe³⁺	0.000	0.000	0.043	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.773	0.224	0.332	0.320		0.389		0.458
Fe²⁺	1.485	1.584	1.530	1.177	1.160	1.153	1.284	1.192	1.270	1.949	1.807	1.769		1.611		1.711
Mn	0.037	0.068	0.041	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.005	0.001	0.007	0.018	0.015	0.017		0.010		0.011
Mg	0.555	0.440	0.449	1.253	1.270	1.246	1.155	1.358	2.429	2.045	2.194	2.146		2.391		2.162
Ca	0.888	0.868	0.948	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.000	1.804	1.790	1.769	1.764		1.880		1.859
Na	0.003	0.007	0.004	0.018	0.021	0.035	0.029	0.026	0.327	0.392	0.360	0.347		0.293		0.415
K	0.003	0.000	0.000	0.886	0.868	0.851	0.841	0.898	0.174	0.255	0.220	0.229		0.141		0.227
Total	7.989	7.986	7.999	7.718	7.702	7.692	7.700	7.789	15.396	15.501	15.444	15.432		15.370		15.567
高压麻粒岩相矿物组合(M₂)
矿物	g(m)	g(m)	g(m)	cpx2	cpx2	cpx2	cpx2	cpx2	pl2	pl2	pl2	pl2	pl2	bi2	bi2	bi2
SiO₂	38.69	38.61	38.41	51.44	51.79	51.45	52.01	51.53	51.96	52.37	50.11	52.38	50.43	36.19	37.53	37.92
TiO₂	0.10	0.07	0.15	0.06	0.01	0.05	0.08	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.07	0.06	4.75	5.07	4.88
Al₂O₃	21.80	21.73	21.61	0.81	0.39	0.90	1.34	1.60	29.23	29.75	23.94	31.60	31.94	14.86	14.18	14.25
Cr₂O₃	0.00	0.05	0.00	0.04	0.04	0.02	0.00	0.04	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.06	0.03	0.09
Fe₂O₃	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
FeO	24.05	24.12	23.28	11.83	11.60	11.06	8.61	10.68	0.53	0.29	2.44	0.29	0.27	19.93	18.80	19.29
MnO	0.86	0.98	0.64	0.27	0.18	0.16	0.11	0.23	0.00	0.00	0.06	0.00	0.00	0.05	0.09	0.09
MgO	3.78	3.77	4.04	12.28	12.21	12.74	13.67	12.39	0.42	0.00	2.81	0.00	0.00	11.26	11.01	11.08
CaO	10.52	10.35	11.76	22.77	22.92	22.88	23.32	23.30	13.38	12.89	17.24	12.88	13.67	0.23	0.02	0.04
Na₂O	0.01	0.11	0.03	0.14	0.19	0.17	0.38	0.14	4.36	4.50	2.55	4.36	3.54	0.10	0.10	0.13
K₂O	0.02	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.06	0.10	0.03	0.04	0.02	9.52	9.22	9.34
Cl	0.01	0.04	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.13	0.15	0.15
F	0.03	0.06	0.05	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.03	0.00	0.09	0.03	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.05	0.15	0.19
Total	99.87	99.90	99.98	99.64	99.35	99.43	99.56	99.93	100.05	99.99	99.21	101.63	99.93	97.13	96.35	97.45
Si	3.018	3.016	2.993	1.949	1.968	1.945	1.944	1.939	2.369	2.380	2.346	2.339	2.294	2.731	2.827	2.831
Ti	0.006	0.004	0.009	0.002	0.000	0.001	0.002	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.001	0.002	0.002	0.270	0.287	0.274
Al	2.005	2.001	1.985	0.036	0.017	0.040	0.059	0.071	1.571	1.594	1.322	1.664	1.713	1.322	1.260	1.255
Cr	0.000	0.003	0.000	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.004	0.002	0.006
Fe³⁺	0.000	0.000	0.016	0.071	0.060	0.079	0.077	0.058	0.020	0.011	0.096	0.011	0.010	0.000	0.000	0.000
Fe²⁺	1.569	1.575	1.500	0.304	0.308	0.271	0.192	0.278	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	1.258	1.185	1.204
Mn	0.057	0.065	0.042	0.009	0.006	0.005	0.004	0.007	0.000	0.000	0.002	0.000	0.000	0.003	0.006	0.006
Mg	0.439	0.439	0.470	0.694	0.691	0.718	0.761	0.695	0.029	0.000	0.196	0.000	0.000	1.266	1.236	1.233
Ca	0.879	0.866	0.982	0.925	0.933	0.927	0.934	0.940	0.653	0.628	0.865	0.616	0.666	0.019	0.002	0.003
Na	0.002	0.016	0.004	0.010	0.014	0.013	0.028	0.010	0.385	0.396	0.232	0.378	0.312	0.015	0.015	0.019
K	0.002	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.004	0.006	0.002	0.002	0.001	0.917	0.886	0.890
Total	7.977	7.986	8.001	4.001	3.999	4.000	4.001	3.999	5.031	5.017	5.062	5.012	4.998	7.805	7.706	7.721
麻粒岩相矿物组合(M₃)														角闪岩相矿物组合(M₄)
矿物	g(r)	g(r)	g(r)	bi3	bi3	opx3	opx3	opx3	opx3	pl3	pl3	pl3	pl3	hb4	hb4	pl4	pl4
SiO₂	37.88	39.06	38.45	34.81	36.32	50.54	50.75	49.97	49.88	45.08	45.24	45.65	45.29	45.64	45.61	50.43	56.39
TiO₂	0.07	0.08	0.01	3.75	5.08	0.03	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	1.11	1.16	0.06	0.00
Al₂O₃	21.69	22.07	21.83	14.97	15.11	0.30	0.36	2.84	3.07	34.35	34.80	33.50	34.64	8.26	9.22	31.94	26.87
Cr₂O₃	0.00	0.00	0.03	0.09	0.14	0.00	0.04	0.03	0.05	0.03	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.05	0.03	0.00	0.00
Fe₂O₃	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
FeO	25.95	24.30	24.56	22.67	20.69	31.46	31.25	29.51	29.46	0.38	0.43	0.79	0.37	17.27	17.63	0.33	0.37
MnO	0.94	0.74	0.49	0.04	0.03	0.39	0.37	0.32	0.48	0.00	0.06	0.04	0.02	0.06	0.07	0.00	0.03
MgO	4.08	3.96	3.89	11.20	10.22	16.11	16.54	15.11	14.73	0.01	0.01	0.43	0.01	11.22	10.70	0.00	0.04
CaO	8.96	10.41	11.07	0.10	0.09	0.45	0.49	1.43	1.36	18.00	18.67	17.88	18.07	11.78	12.20	13.67	9.33
Na₂O	0.02	0.01	0.05	0.23	0.29	0.16	0.00	0.07	0.14	1.18	0.91	1.05	1.06	0.73	0.91	3.54	6.32
K₂O	0.00	0.00	0.00	8.26	9.01	0.00	0.01	0.03	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.03	0.58	0.58	0.02	0.06
Cl	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.11	0.12	0.03	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.07	0.08	0.00	0.00
F	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.06	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.21	0.07	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00
Total	99.59	100.63	100.38	96.29	97.11	99.48	99.82	99.31	99.22	99.04	100.38	99.42	99.49	96.78	98.19	99.99	99.41
Si	2.979	3.018	2.989	2.649	2.739	1.975	1.974	1.946	1.945	2.098	2.086	2.118	2.097	6.812	6.744	2.294	2.548
Ti	0.004	0.005	0.001	0.215	0.288	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.124	0.129	0.002	0.000
Al	2.011	2.010	2.000	1.343	1.344	0.014	0.017	0.130	0.141	1.885	1.891	1.833	1.891	1.453	1.607	1.713	1.432
Cr	0.000	0.000	0.002	0.006	0.008	0.000	0.001	0.001	0.002	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.006	0.003	0.000	0.000
Fe³⁺	0.027	0.000	0.026	0.216	0.000	0.047	0.035	0.000	0.000	0.015	0.017	0.030	0.014	0.470	0.345	0.011	0.014
Fe²⁺	1.681	1.570	1.571	1.226	1.305	0.981	0.981	0.961	0.961	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	1.685	1.836	0.000	0.000
Mn	0.063	0.048	0.032	0.003	0.002	0.013	0.012	0.011	0.016	0.000	0.002	0.002	0.001	0.008	0.009	0.000	0.001
Mg	0.478	0.456	0.450	1.271	1.149	0.938	0.959	0.877	0.856	0.001	0.001	0.030	0.001	2.496	2.359	0.000	0.003
Ca	0.755	0.862	0.922	0.009	0.007	0.019	0.020	0.060	0.057	0.898	0.922	0.889	0.897	1.884	1.933	0.666	0.452
Na	0.003	0.002	0.007	0.034	0.043	0.012	0.000	0.005	0.011	0.106	0.081	0.095	0.095	0.212	0.261	0.312	0.554
K	0.003	0.003	0.000	0.801	0.867	0.000	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.002	0.110	0.110	0.001	0.004
Total	8.004	7.974	8.000	7.773	7.752	4.000	4.000	3.992	3.990	5.004	5.000	4.998	4.998	15.260	15.336	4.999	5.008
注：矿物的离子数是利用AX 程序计算的(Holland and Powell, 1998; 2003年升级).g(c).石榴子石核部；g(m).石榴子石幔部；g(r).石榴子石边部.

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表 2 利用传统矿物温压计计算的各阶段变质P-T条件

Table 2. The calculated P-T results of different metamorphic stages by conventional mineral thermobarometry

变质阶段	温度计	T(℃)	压力计	P(GPa)
M₂	T(00R)	650~730	P(91E)	0.78~0.96
M₃	T(93L)	798~850	P(93L)	0.71~0.75
M₄	T(94H)	610~666	P(07B) P(95A)	0.51~0.60
注：T(00R).g-cpx温度计，Ravna(2000)；T(93L).g-opx温度计，Lal(1993)；T(94H).hb-pl温度计，Holland and Blundy(1994)；P(91E).g-cpx-pl-q压力计，Eckert et al.(1991)；P(93L).g-opx-pl-q压力计，Lal(1993)；P(07B).hb-pl-q压力计，Bhadra and Bhattachary(2007)；P(95A).Al-in hb压力计，Anderson and Smith(1995).

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表 3 全岩地球化学数据

Table 3. Whole-rock compositions (%) of the mafic granulite

	Na₂O	MgO	P₂O₅	Al₂O₃	SiO₂	K₂O	CaO	TiO₂	MnO	TFe₂O₃	Total
L-13-60	0.71	7.21	0.22	14.48	46.73	1.36	10.20	1.95	0.25	16.61	99.54
L-13-61	0.78	7.04	0.24	14.33	46.70	1.31	10.13	2.02	0.25	16.68	99.35
L-13-64	0.70	7.13	0.22	14.07	46.64	1.38	10.53	1.96	0.28	17.35	99.99
注：数据为摩尔百分含量.

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