Early Ordovician Tectono-Thermal Event in Zhongba Terrane and Its Geological Significance
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摘要: 仲巴地体是雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段南北蛇绿岩带之间的重要构造单元，目前对其是否存在早古生代构造-热事件记录及构造属性判别尚不明确.通过野外观测、岩石地球化学研究和年代学分析，在仲巴地体中段的公珠错一带识别出一套侵入到黑云斜长片麻岩中的片麻状二长花岗岩，其锆石U-Pb年龄为~478 Ma，表明岩石形成时代为早奥陶世；该套花岗岩具有高Si、富Al和总碱含量较高的特点，铝饱和指数A/CNK=1.13~1.20，富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K，相对亏损Ba、Sr、Nb、Ti等，属于钙碱性强过铝质花岗岩.这是首次在雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段仲巴地体内部识别出代表早奥陶世构造-热事件的地质记录，该套花岗岩形成过程与原特提斯洋向冈瓦纳大陆北缘俯冲结束后的上地壳熔融相关，证明仲巴地体在早古生代应为东冈瓦纳大陆北缘的组成部分.Abstract: The Zhongba terrane is an important tectonic unit sandwiched between the northern and the southern ophiolitic sub-belts in the western segment of the Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone (YZSZ), Southwest Tibet. Currently it is still unclear as to whether there exists the Early Paleozoic tectono-thermal events in this terrane as well as its tectonic affinity. BasedBaesed on field and petrological investigations, a suite of gneissic monzogranite that intruded into a biotite plagioclase gneiss was recognized near the Gongzhu Co area in the middle part of the Zhongba terrane in this study. U-Pb dating of zircon from the monzogranite yieldsed ages of ~478 Ma, indicating the deformation age for such rock at the Early Ordovician. These monzogranites are characterized by high Si and Al, relatively high contents of total alkalis, A/CNK=1.13-1.20, enrichment of large lithophile elements of Rb and K and depletion of Ba, Sr, Nb and Ti, which should be calc-alkalic alkaline, strong peraluminous granite. To our knowledge, this represents the first report of the Early Ordovician tectono-thermal events taken place within the Zhongba terrane from the western YZSZ. These gneissic monzogranites were formed by the upper crustal melting after subduction of the Proto-Tethys Ocean to the northern margin of the Gondwana supercontinent, and suggesting that the Zhongba terrane should belong to the northern margin of the eastern Gondwana supercontinent at the Early Paleozoic.
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Key words:
- gneissic monzogranite /
- Zhongba terrane /
- Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone /
- Southwest Tibet /
- petrology
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图 1 藏南仲巴地体区域构造位置(a，b)与研究区地质简图(c)
图b中：1.湖泊；2.日喀则弧前盆地；3.特提斯喜马拉雅带；4.高喜马拉雅带；5.低喜马拉雅带；雅鲁藏布江缝合带；6.侏罗纪-白垩纪蛇绿岩；7.晚白垩世蛇绿混杂岩；8.仲巴地体：震旦-寒武系绿片岩相浅变质岩和奥陶-白垩系滨浅海相沉积岩；9.冈底斯岩基：白垩纪-新近纪火成岩；10.新生代淡色花岗岩；11.奥陶纪花岗岩；MBT.主边界逆冲断裂；MCT.主中央逆冲断裂；STDS.藏南拆离系；YZSZ.雅鲁藏布江缝合带；图c中：1.湖泊；2.第四系；3.古近纪-新近纪砾岩；4.石炭系钙质片岩、石英片岩、大理岩；5.震旦-寒武系(？)黑云斜长片麻岩、长英质片岩；6.奥陶纪片麻状二长花岗岩；7.晚侏罗世-早白垩世蛇绿岩；8.白垩纪-新近纪火成岩；9.新生代淡色花岗岩；10.主边界断裂；11.样品位置.图b据刘飞等(2015)有修改；图c据Pullen et al.(2011)有修改
Fig. 1. Regional tectonic map of the Zhongba terrane, southern Tibet (a, b) and simplified geological map of the Gongzhu Co area (c)
图 2 公珠错片麻状二长花岗岩的野外特征(a)与显微照片(b)
Qtz.石英；Pl.斜长石；Kfs.钾长石；Bt.黑云母；Ms.白云母
Fig. 2. Field photos (a) and micrographs (b) of gneissic monzogranite from the Gongzhu Co area
图 3 公珠错片麻状二长花岗岩样品稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分图(a)和微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图(b)
球粒陨石和原始地幔标准化值据Sun and McDonough(1989)
Fig. 3. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns (a) and primitive-mantle-normalized trace element spidergrams (b) of gneissic monzogranite samples from the Gongzhu Co area
图 4 公珠错片麻状二长花岗岩样品中典型锆石的CL图像
锆石中红色圆圈为激光剥蚀位置，内部数字为测点号，锆石外侧数字为对应测点的U-Pb年龄
Fig. 4. Representative CL images of zircons for gneissic monzogranite samples from the Gongzhu Co area
图 5 公珠错片麻状二长花岗岩样品(2C-0, 2C-1) LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄谐和图(a, c)和稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分图(b, d)
球粒陨石标准化值据Sun and McDonough(1989)
Fig. 5. U-Pb concordia diagrams (a, c) and chondrite-normalized REE patterns (b, d) for zircon grains from gneissic monzogranite samples (2C-0, 2C-1) in the Gongzhu Co area
表 1 公主错地区片麻状二长花岗岩主量(%)与微量元素(10-6)分析结果
Table 1. The results of major elements (%) and trace elements (10-6) of gneissic monzonitic granite from the Gongzhu Co area
样品 2C-0 2C-1 2C-2 主量元素(%) SiO2 71.70 74.02 74.93 TiO2 0.45 0.23 0.25 Al2O3 13.25 12.88 12.67 Fe2O3 4.14 2.27 2.34 MnO 0.06 0.04 0.05 MgO 1.08 0.52 0.52 CaO 1.45 0.71 0.78 Na2O 3.45 2.80 2.75 K2O 2.52 5.09 4.65 P2O5 0.25 0.16 0.16 LOI 0.72 0.50 0.66 Total 99.07 99.22 99.76 Mg# 37.81 34.80 34.12 微量元素(10-6) Sc 8.80 5.29 5.61 V 42.0 20.3 22.7 Cr 30.0 168.0 30.4 Co 6.60 2.99 2.39 Ni 24.10 11.00 6.31 Ga 20.9 16.9 16.8 Rb 286 388 414 Sr 49.20 32.60 30.51 Y 46.9 37.4 40.2 Zr 231.0 98.5 104.0 Nb 17.3 11.3 12.7 Cs 23.9 52.3 37.7 Ba 233 281 285 La 35.5 16.9 18.6 Ce 75.1 34.5 37.6 Pr 8.72 3.84 4.34 Nd 30.8 14.8 16.5 Sm 8.14 3.84 4.18 Eu 0.74 0.45 0.45 Gd 7.81 3.99 4.28 Tb 1.29 0.81 0.86 Dy 8.05 5.82 6.15 Ho 1.67 1.21 1.29 Er 5.14 3.47 3.81 Tm 0.72 0.56 0.64 Yb 4.42 3.82 4.47 Lu 0.65 0.52 0.60 Hf 6.60 3.23 3.40 Ta 1.64 1.82 2.11 Pb 19.3 26.1 22.6 Th 21.4 13.8 14.9 U 3.23 2.42 3.97 注：TFeO(as total iron)=FeO+0.9×Fe2O3；Mg#=100×Mg2+/(Mg2++Fe2+)；主量元素为质量百分含量. 
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表 2 公主错地区片麻状二长花岗岩(2C-0、2C-1) 单颗粒锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素结果
Table 2. The results of the LA-ICP-MS U-Pb isotopic dating for the single-grain zircon of gneissic monzonitic granite from the Gongzhu Co area
测点编号 Pb(10-6) Th(10-6) U(10-6) Th/U 同位素比值 同位素年龄(Ma) 207Pb/206Pb ±1σ 207Pb/235U ±1σ 206Pb/238U ±1σ 207Pb/206Pb ±1σ 207Pb/235U ±1σ 206Pb/238U ±1σ 2C-0(第1~10行为锆石继承核，第11~26行为锆石边部) 1 74.3 82.9 623 0.13 0.063 0 0.002 0 0.782 2 0.017 6 0.089 6 0.000 7 709 55.0 587 10.0 553 4.0 2 503.0 410.0 906 0.45 0.081 3 0.002 0 2.332 0 0.044 4 0.206 8 0.001 9 1 229 36.0 1 222 14.0 1 212 10.0 3 75.7 69.3 359 0.19 0.067 2 0.002 0 1.165 9 0.028 4 0.125 5 0.001 2 843 52.0 785 13.0 762 7.0 4 289.0 288.0 242 1.19 0.080 2 0.002 0 2.379 0 0.057 9 0.213 9 0.001 8 1 267 50.0 1 236 17.0 1 250 10.0 5 44.3 58.1 413 0.14 0.060 6 0.002 0 0.724 6 0.022 6 0.086 0 0.001 0 633 60.0 553 13.0 532 6.0 6 178.0 152.0 240 0.64 0.078 1 0.002 0 2.283 8 0.054 2 0.210 3 0.002 0 1 150 46.0 1 207 17.0 1 230 10.0 7 404.0 225.0 280 0.80 0.119 6 0.002 0 5.578 1 0.107 4 0.335 4 0.002 6 1 950 34.0 1 913 17.0 1 865 13.0 8 244.0 171.0 206 0.83 0.105 6 0.003 0 3.270 1 0.090 6 0.222 1 0.002 5 1 726 50.0 1 474 22.0 1 293 13.0 9 578.0 78.8 1 112 0.07 0.178 2 0.004 0 10.020 0 0.220 3 0.403 4 0.003 5 2 636 36.0 2 437 20.0 2 185 16.0 10 165.0 225.0 354 0.63 0.070 6 0.002 0 1.338 1 0.036 2 0.136 4 0.001 9 946 52.0 862 16.0 824 11.0 11 76.1 84.5 897 0.09 0.057 0 0.001 0 0.608 6 0.015 2 0.076 9 0.000 6 500 56.0 483 10.0 477 4.0 12 82.7 81.8 1 038 0.08 0.056 2 0.001 0 0.604 2 0.014 4 0.077 3 0.000 7 457 50.0 480 9.0 480 4.0 13 54.7 82.9 514 0.16 0.056 9 0.002 0 0.605 9 0.016 6 0.076 8 0.000 8 487 59.0 481 11.0 477 5.0 14 79.7 114.0 730 0.16 0.057 4 0.001 0 0.617 4 0.014 4 0.077 5 0.000 6 506 57.0 488 9.0 481 4.0 15 215.0 507.0 722 0.70 0.054 6 0.001 0 0.585 6 0.015 2 0.077 4 0.000 7 394 55.0 468 10.0 481 4.0 16 88.7 92.0 1 085 0.08 0.055 5 0.001 0 0.582 4 0.013 7 0.075 7 0.000 6 432 47.0 466 9.0 470 4.0 17 163.0 103.0 2 393 0.04 0.055 8 0.001 0 0.609 4 0.011 3 0.078 6 0.000 6 443 8.0 483 7.0 488 4.0 18 67.2 118.0 555 0.21 0.054 7 0.002 0 0.575 1 0.015 3 0.076 0 0.000 7 467 61.0 461 10.0 472 4.0 19 51.5 75.9 467 0.16 0.055 6 0.002 0 0.586 8 0.015 8 0.076 1 0.000 7 435 59.0 469 10.0 473 4.0 20 55.2 78.0 487 0.16 0.056 2 0.002 0 0.602 4 0.017 7 0.077 2 0.000 8 461 67.0 479 11.0 480 5.0 21 94.8 104.0 1 084 0.10 0.055 9 0.001 0 0.596 1 0.013 5 0.076 6 0.000 5 450 50.0 475 9.0 475 3.0 22 74.1 78.1 841 0.09 0.058 6 0.002 0 0.632 6 0.015 8 0.077 4 0.000 6 554 57.0 498 10.0 481 4.0 23 52.4 60.2 571 0.11 0.056 9 0.002 0 0.608 7 0.016 5 0.077 0 0.000 7 487 57.0 483 10.0 478 4.0 24 63.4 55.3 839 0.07 0.057 3 0.002 0 0.613 0 0.015 7 0.077 3 0.000 7 506 53.0 485 10.0 480 4.0 25 77.3 82.9 894 0.09 0.058 5 0.001 0 0.620 8 0.014 7 0.076 7 0.000 6 546 52.0 490 9.0 477 3.0 26 70.0 91.6 676 0.14 0.055 9 0.001 6 0.598 2 0.016 9 0.077 3 0.000 7 456 63.0 476 10.7 480 3.9 2C-1(第1行为锆石继承核，第2~18行为锆石边部，第19~21行为暗灰色锆石边缘部位) 1 191.0 203.0 1 029 0.20 0.069 6 0.001 2 1.225 2 0.022 3 0.126 9 0.001 2 917 34.1 812 10.2 770 6.9 2 129.0 219.0 1 249 0.18 0.056 8 0.001 2 0.607 0 0.013 8 0.076 9 0.000 7 487 46.0 482 9.0 477 4.0 3 151.0 258.0 1 478 0.17 0.055 6 0.001 0 0.595 3 0.011 4 0.077 1 0.000 6 439 43.0 474 7.0 479 4.0 4 99.0 162.0 1 048 0.16 0.053 5 0.001 4 0.569 4 0.016 6 0.076 9 0.000 9 350 61.0 458 11.0 478 5.0 5 165.0 197.0 2 067 0.10 0.053 9 0.001 0 0.575 0 0.010 8 0.077 0 0.000 7 369 41.0 461 7.0 478 4.0 6 178.0 239.0 2 031 0.12 0.060 6 0.003 0 0.623 2 0.016 6 0.077 1 0.001 0 633 103.0 492 10.0 479 6.0 7 104.0 177.0 1 023 0.17 0.056 4 0.001 4 0.602 4 0.017 4 0.077 0 0.001 2 478 54.0 479 11.0 478 7.0 8 112.0 190.0 1 123 0.17 0.055 0 0.001 6 0.581 0 0.016 8 0.077 1 0.001 1 413 67.0 465 11.0 479 7.0 9 133.0 195.0 1 384 0.14 0.055 6 0.001 2 0.590 2 0.013 0 0.076 8 0.000 7 435 48.0 471 8.0 477 4.0 10 108.0 186.0 1 059 0.18 0.054 7 0.001 5 0.579 1 0.015 4 0.076 9 0.000 9 467 61.0 464 10.0 478 5.0 11 85.0 179.0 1 662 0.11 0.054 1 0.000 9 0.578 4 0.011 3 0.077 2 0.000 9 372 34.0 463 7.0 479 5.0 12 80.0 122.0 855 0.14 0.055 4 0.001 5 0.588 2 0.015 5 0.076 9 0.000 6 428 59.0 470 10.0 478 4.0 13 99.0 121.0 1 212 0.10 0.052 7 0.000 9 0.565 8 0.011 0 0.077 3 0.000 7 317 44.0 455 7.0 480 4.0 14 128.0 206.0 1 309 0.16 0.053 9 0.001 1 0.578 2 0.012 2 0.077 4 0.000 6 365 48.0 463 8.0 481 4.0 15 182.0 341.0 1 563 0.22 0.054 3 0.001 1 0.576 7 0.011 0 0.076 8 0.000 5 383 44.0 462 7.0 477 3.0 16 111.0 204.0 992 0.21 0.056 4 0.001 4 0.601 9 0.015 5 0.076 8 0.000 7 478 52.0 478 10.0 477 4.0 17 143.0 217.0 1 639 0.13 0.053 4 0.000 7 0.571 2 0.010 1 0.077 0 0.001 0 346 27.0 459 7.0 478 6.0 18 157.0 273.0 1 541 0.18 0.055 0 0.001 1 0.585 9 0.011 2 0.076 9 0.000 7 413 44.4 468 7.2 478 4.4 19 672.0 297.0 11 972 0.02 0.053 8 0.000 7 0.521 6 0.007 8 0.069 8 0.000 6 365 25.0 426 5.0 435 4.0 20 490.0 266.0 7 980 0.03 0.054 2 0.000 5 0.526 6 0.006 7 0.069 9 0.000 6 389 53.0 430 5.0 435 4.0 21 541.0 315.0 8 649 0.04 0.054 2 0.001 0 0.552 8 0.011 1 0.073 3 0.000 6 389 41.0 447 7.0 456 3.0
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