Primordial Peridotitic Mantle Component in Asthenosphere beneath Northeast China: Geochemical Evidence from Cenozoic Basalts of Greater Khingan Range
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摘要: 为了进一步了解中国东北新生代玄武岩地幔源区的物质属性，报道了大兴安岭哈拉哈河-柴河地区新生代玄武岩的全岩主量、微量元素和Sr、Nd、Pb、Hf同位素组成.哈拉哈河-柴河玄武岩属钠质碱性系列，具有与洋岛玄武岩相似的微量元素特征，如富集大离子亲石元素（LILEs）、明显的Nb、Ta正异常等.它们具有中等亏损的Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成（87Sr/86Sr=0.703 5~0.703 9、εNd=5.21~6.55、εHf=10.00~11.25），接近中国东部新生代玄武岩的亏损端元.这些玄武岩具有中等的放射成因Pb同位素组成（206Pb/204Pb=18.37~18.57、207Pb/204Pb=15.52~15.54和208Pb/204Pb=38.24~38.43），在206Pb/204Pb-207Pb/204Pb相关图上位于4.42~4.45 Ga的地球等时线之间.它们在Sr-Nd-Pb同位素相关图中均落入地幔柱来源的、高3He/4He比（>30Ra）的洋岛玄武岩范围内，暗示其源区可能存在来自深部地幔的古老原始地幔物质.此外，这些玄武岩具有高MgO（8.49%~11.58%）、高Ni（174×10-6~362×10-6）和高Mg#（59.1~66.9）的特征，表明它们接近于原始岩浆的成分.反演的哈拉哈河-柴河玄武岩的原始岩浆组成具有中等的SiO2、低Al2O3以及高CaO/Al2O3比的特征，与石榴子石橄榄岩高压（>2.5 GPa）实验熔体的成分相当，暗示玄武岩的源区岩性最可能为橄榄岩.对以原始地幔（而不是亏损地幔）的微量元素为初始成分的饱满石榴子石二辉橄榄岩进行低程度（1%~2%）部分熔融的模拟计算，产生的熔体与哈拉哈河-柴河玄武岩具有一致的微量元素特征，这进一步支持了上述推断.综上所述，认为大兴安岭地区哈拉哈河-柴河玄武岩的源区含有来自深部地幔的古老的橄榄岩质原始地幔组分.Abstract: In order to further explore the nature of mantle source beneath the Northeast China, it presents major, trace element, and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopic compositions for the Cenozoic intra-plate volcanic rocks from the Halaha-Chaihe field in the Greater Khingan Range. These volcanic rocks are mainly alkaline (sodic) basalts, and generally exhibit OIB-like incompatible trace element characteristics, e.g.enrichment in large lithophile elements (LILEs) and positive Nb-Ta anomalies. They show moderate depleted Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic compositions (87Sr/86Sr=0.703 5-0.703 9, εNd=5.21-6.55, εHf=10.00-11.25) and almost represent the most depleted mantle end-member among the Cenozoic basalts in eastern China. Their Pb isotopic compositions (206Pb/204Pb=18.37-18.57, 207Pb/204Pb=15.52-15.54, 208Pb/204Pb=38.24 -38.43) range between 4.42 Ga and 4.45 Ga geochrons on the 207Pb/204Pb versus 206Pb/204Pb diagram. They also show similar Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions with those mantle plume-derived ocean island basalts (3He/4He>30 Ra), which implies a deep mantle source. The high MgO (8.49%-11.58%), Ni(174×10-6-362×10-6) contents and high Mg# values (59.1-66.9) of these basalts imply that their compositions are close to those of the primary magmas. The calculated primitive compositions of Halaha-Chaihe basalts show moderate SiO2, low Al2O3 contents and high CaO/Al2O3 ratios, which are accordant with the compositions of experimental melts of garnet peridotite under high pressure (>2.5 GPa) conditions, suggesting a garnet peridotitic mantle source. Moreover, trace-element modeling suggests low-degree melts from a primitive mantle (rather than a depleted mantle) are consistent with these basalts. In summary, it is suggested that the mantle source of the Halaha-Chaihe basalts from the Greater Khingan Range contains ancient, primordial, peridotitic component from the deep mantle.
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Key words:
- Cenozoic basalt /
- asthenosphere /
- primordial mantle /
- geochemistry /
- Northeast China /
- petrology
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图 1 中国东部新生代玄武岩与高3He/4He比值洋岛玄武岩Sr-Nd-Pb同位素协变图：(a) εNd-206Pb/204Pb协变图；(b)87Sr/86Sr-206Pb/204Pb协变图
亏损地幔(DMM)数据引自Workman and Hart (2005)；早期亏损地幔储库(EDR)数据引自Boyet and Carlson (2005)；高3He/4He比值洋岛玄武岩(3He/4He > 30 Ra样品的平均值)数据包括巴芬岛(Jackson et al., 2010)、西格陵兰(Graham et al., 1998)、夏威夷(Kurz et al., 1982)、加拉帕戈斯(Saal et al., 2007)、萨摩亚(Jackson et al., 2007)、冰岛(Hilton et al., 1999; Starkey et al., 2009; Stuart et al., 2003)和留尼汪群岛(Graham et al., 1990)；中国东部新生代玄武岩数据来源范围较广，略；EM1、EM2型样品数据引自http://georem.mpch-mainz.gwdg.de/georoc/
Fig. 1. Variation diagrams of (a) εNd versus 206Pb/204Pb and (b)87Sr/86Sr versus 206Pb/204Pb of Cenozoic basalts from eastern China and high 3He/4He ocean island basalts
图 2 (a) 中国东北地区新生代火山岩分布图；(b)哈拉哈河-柴河玄武岩分布及采样位置
图a据Xu (2007); 图b据Ho et al.(2013), 灰色虚线区域指示大兴安岭-太行重力梯度带
Fig. 2. Distribution of Cenozoic volcanic rocks in Northeast China (a) and Late Cenozoic basalts and sample locations in Halaha-Chaihe basalts (b)
图 3 哈拉哈河-柴河玄武岩TAS图(a)，SiO2-(CaO/Al2O3) (b)、SiO2-MgO (c)和SiO2-TiO2 (d)相关图解
图a据Le Bas et al.(1986).红色实心圆代表本次研究哈拉哈河-柴河玄武岩数据；空心圈、蓝心圈(驼峰岭)和绿色圈(德勒河)代表前人数据，引自Chen et al.(2017)、Ho et al.(2013)、Li et al.(2017)以及赵勇伟和樊祺诚(2012)
Fig. 3. Total alkaili versus SiO2 (a); variation of CaO/Al2O3, MgO and TiO2 versus SiO2 (b-d) forHalaha-Chaihe basalts
图 4 哈拉哈河-柴河玄武岩球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式图
球粒陨石数据引自Anders and Grevesse(1989)；红线代表本文数据；灰线代表前人数据，引自Li et al.(2017)
Fig. 4. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns for Halaha-Chaihe basalts
图 5 哈拉哈河-柴河玄武岩的不相容微量元素原始地幔标准化图
原始地幔数据引自McDonough and Sun(1995)，N-MORB数据引自Gale et al.(2013)，东北钾质玄武岩数据引自Liu et al.(2017)，内蒙古阿巴嘎数据引自Ho et al.(2008)和Zhang and Guo(2016)
Fig. 5. Primitive mantle-normalized incompatible trace element patterns for Halaha-Chaihe basalts
图 6 哈拉哈河-柴河玄武岩Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf同位素组成：(a) εNd-87Sr/86Sr比值协变图；(b) εHf-εNd协变图；(c) 207Pb/204Pb-206Pb/204Pb比值协变图；(d) 208Pb/204Pb-206Pb/204Pb比值协变图
Nd-Hf同位素地球参考线，据Vervoort et al.(2011)；NHRL.Pb同位素北半球参考线，据Hart (1984)；Pb同位素地球等时线，据Holmes (1946)；高3He/4He比洋岛玄武岩数据同图 1，Nd同位素组成仅包含巴芬岛样品数据；太平洋型和印度洋型MORB样品来自Stracke (2012)汇总的大洋玄武岩数据
Fig. 6. Variation diagrams of (a) εNd versus 87Sr/86Sr; (b) εHf versus εNd; (c) 207Pb/204Pb versus 206Pb/204Pb and (d) 208Pb/204Pb versus 206Pb/204Pb for the Halaha-Chaihe basalts
图 7 哈拉哈河-柴河玄武岩MgO-Ni, Cr, Co协变图(a~c); Sr同位素-SiO2协变图(d)
红色实心圆代表本文数据；空心圈、蓝心圈(驼峰岭)和绿色圈(德勒河)代表前人数据，引自Chen et al.(2017)、Ho et al.(2013)、Li et al.(2017)以及赵勇伟和樊祺诚(2012)
Fig. 7. Variation diagrams of MgO versus Ni, Cr and Co (a-c) and 87Sr/86Sr versus SiO2 (d) for the Halaha-Chaihe basalts
图 8 哈拉哈河-柴河玄武岩与实验熔体在主量元素上的对比：(a)MgO-TiO2协变图；(b)SiO2-Al2O3协变图；(c)SiO2-FeOT协变图；(d)CaO-(CaO/Al2O3)协变图
>2.5 GPa的实验橄榄岩熔体数据引自Davis et al.(2011)、Hirose and Kushiro(1993)、Kushiro(2013)和Walter(1998)；>2 GPa的贫硅辉石岩熔体数据引自Hirschmann et al.(2003)、Keshav et al.(2004)和Kogiso et al.(2003)；>2 GPa的富硅辉石岩熔体数据引自Pertermann and Hirschmann(2003)、Spandler et al.(2007)、Yasuda et al.(1994)、Yaxley and Green(1998)和Yaxley and Sobolev(2007)
Fig. 8. Variation diagrams of (a) MgO versus TiO2; (b) SiO2 versus Al2O3; (c) SiO2 versus FeOT; (d) CaO versus (CaO/Al2O3) between the Halaha-Chaihe primary magmas and experimental melt
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