Reservoir Characteristics and Exploration Potential of Lower Carboniferous Shale Gas in Lianyuan Sag, Central Hunan
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摘要: 目前对海陆过渡相页岩的储层及其成藏特征研究较少.湘中地区涟源凹陷下石炭统测水组海陆过渡相页岩是重要的页岩气勘探层位，基于二维地震资料、钻井岩心资料和测录井资料，选取2015H-D6井进行了井区构造与测水组岩性描述，页岩储层地化、物性及含气量等测试分析，以及单井埋藏史和热史模拟.研究表明：涟源凹陷海陆过渡相测水组泥页岩沉积于滨岸泻湖或沼泽环境，有效厚度为71.8 m，埋深大于2 500 m；泥页岩有机碳含量平均为1.68%，干酪根类型以Ⅱ型为主，具备良好的生气基础和吸附载体；成熟度分布在2.30%~3.32%，平均为2.96%，处于过成熟阶段；储层脆性矿物含量超过60%，粘土矿物含量小于30%，储层整体表现为低孔低渗特性，孔隙以微孔隙为主，具较好的页岩气储层条件.利用测井解释、等温吸附以及现场解析等方法，揭示出测水组泥页岩具有较好的含气量，结合模拟结果提出了构造保存并持续沉降是涟源凹陷海陆过渡相测水组页岩气藏形成的关键因素.Abstract: There are few studies on the reservoirs and hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics of the marine-continental transitional shale.Lower Carboniferous Ceshui Formation transitional shale is one of the most important shale gas exploration beds in Lianyuan Sag of Xiangzhong Depression.In this paper, the accumulation characteristics of marine-terrigenous facies shale of the study area are discussed on the basis of 2D seismic data, drilling core and logging data.Firstly, the structure of Well 2015H-D6, and the lithology of Ceshui Formation are described.Then, testing and analysis of the geochemical, physical properties and gas content of shale reservoir are carried out.Finally, the burial and thermal history of the single well is simulated.Reuslts illustrate that Ceshui shale in Lianyuan Sag deposited in coastal lagoon or swamp environment with a deposition thickness of 71.8 m and a buried depth of more than 2 500 m.The shale with type Ⅱ kerogen remains in over-mature stage, with the average organic carbon content of 1.68%, and the maturity ranging from 2.30%~3.32%(average value of 2.96%).The brittle mineral content exceeds 60%, and clay mineral content is less than 30%.The shale is characterized by low porosity and permeability, with microspore dominated reservoir porosity, which shows better shale gas reservoir conditions.It is revealed that the Ceshui shale has a good content of shale gas by well logging interpretation, isothermal adsorption and in-situ gas quantity analysis.Combining with single-well burial, thermal history simulation, and the evolution of shale gas reservoir, it is concluded that the stable tectonic and sustaining subsidence are the key factors of shale gas accumulation formed in Lianyuan Sag.
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Key words:
- Well 2015H-D6 /
- Ceshui Formation /
- shale gas /
- gas accumulation characteristics /
- Lianyuan Sag /
- petroleum geology
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图 2 过车田江向斜地震剖面
剖面位置见图 1.资料来源于中国地质调查局油气资源调查中心，2014.湘中地区页岩气调查二维地震勘探成果报告
Fig. 2. The seismic section cross the Chetianjiang syncline
图 4 2015H-D6井测水组泥页岩TOC分布直方图
Fig. 4. The TOC distribution histogram of the mud shale of Ceshui Formation in Well 2015H-D6
图 5 2015H-D6井测水组泥页岩矿物成分含量对比
Fig. 5. The contrast for mineral composition contents of Ceshui Formation shale in Well 2015H-D6
图 6 2015H-D6井测水组泥页岩孔隙类型
a.有机质与矿物之间微裂隙；b.有机质孔隙；c.黄铁矿晶间孔；d.矿物溶蚀孔隙；e.同沉积收缩缝；f.微裂缝
Fig. 6. Pore types of Ceshui Formation shale in Well 2015H-D6
图 7 测水组页岩气层测井解释成果
Fig. 7. Logging interpretation results of Ceshui Formation shale gas
图 8 2015H-D6井测水组页岩、煤以及川东南地区龙马溪组页岩等温吸附曲线对比
Fig. 8. The comparison of isothermal adsorption curves among shale and coal of Ceshui Formation in Well 2015H-D6 and Longmaxi Formation shale in southeastern Sichuan Basin
图 9 2015H-D6井测水组页岩气解析气量分布
Fig. 9. Analytical gas distribution of Ceshui Formation shale gas in Well 2015H-D6
图 10 2015H-D6井单井热史、埋藏史模拟
Fig. 10. Single well simulation of the thermal and burial history for Well 2015H-D6
图 11 梓门桥组膏岩层测井及岩心特征
Fig. 11. Logging and core characteristics of gypsolyte of Zimenqiao Formation
图 12 湘中涟源凹陷测水组埋深图及有利区分布
据张琳婷等(2014)修改
Fig. 12. Buried depth map and favorable area distribution of Ceshui Formation in Lianyuan Sag
表 1 中国主要海陆过渡相页岩气储层参数对比
Table 1. Comparison of major transitional facies shale gas reservoir parameters in China
储层参数 层位 总有机碳
TOC(%)成熟度
Ro(%)有机质
类型平均孔隙度
(%)基质渗透率
(μm2)脆性矿物
含量(%)含气量
(m3/t)沁水盆地 太原组 2.5 1.7~3.6 Ⅱ2型 1.66 0.9 32.1~45.2 1.23 山西组 3.11 1.0~2.35 Ⅱ2型 4.15 1.1 68 1 鄂尔多斯盆地 本溪组 2.7 1.52 Ⅲ/Ⅱ2型 3.89 180 30.6 0.98 山西组 2.30 1.3~2.68 Ⅲ型 3.44 2.5 43.7 0.38 四川盆地南部 龙潭组 6.73 1.95~2.4 Ⅲ型 6.3 — 27.7 1.0~3.0 湘中及湘东南 大隆组 2.7 1.16~2.6 Ⅱ2型 0.68 6.5 79.8 3.45 龙潭组 4.48 2.2~3.5 Ⅱ1型 1.42 5.4 29~86 2.74 涟源凹陷 测水组 1.68 2.3~3.3 Ⅱ2型 3.53 50.7 69.13 2.29 
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表 2 2015H-D6井测水组泥页岩样品热解分析结果
Table 2. Pyrolysis analysis results of Ceshui Formation shale samples in Well 2015H-D6
取样深度(m) S1(mg·g-1) S2(mg·g-1) Tmax(℃) 1 183.3 0.04 0.09 497 1 215.0 0.08 0.28 496 1 238.3 0.04 0.11 533 1 303.5 0.05 0.10 534 1 308.4 0.03 0.08 534 1 316.9 0.03 0.03 428
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表 3 2015H-D6井测水组泥页岩粘土矿物组成
Table 3. Statistics on clay mineral compositions of Ceshui Formation shale in Well 2015H-D6
粘土矿物 相对含量(%) 最小值 最大值 平均值 S / / / I 24 71 43.5 K 6 45 21.9 C 6 31 11.8 I/S 5 20 16.0 C/S / / /
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表 4 页岩气储层类别划分
Table 4. Classification for shale gas reservoir
类别 评价参数 孔隙度(%) 渗透率(10-3μm2) TOC(%) 含气量(m3/t) Ⅰ类 Φ≥10 100≤K＜500 TOC≥4.0 Q≥4 Ⅱ类 5≤Φ＜10 10≤K＜100 2.0≤TOC＜4.0 2≤Q＜4 Ⅲ类 2≤Φ＜5 1≤K＜10 1.0≤TOC＜2.0 1≤Q＜2 Ⅳ类 Φ＜2 K＜1 TOC＜1.0 0≤Q＜1
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表 5 2015H-D6井页岩气储层测井成果解释
Table 5. Logging result interpretation for shale gas reservoir in Well 2015H-D6
层号 顶部
埋深
(m)底部
埋深
(m)岩层
厚度
(m)孔隙度(%) TOC(%) 游离气
(m3/t)吸附气
(m3/t)总含气量(m3/t) $\frac{{最小值 - 最大值}}{{平均值}} $ $ \frac{{最小值 - 最大值}}{{平均值}} $ $ \frac{{最小值 - 最大值}}{{平均值}} $ ① 1 268.90 1 270.90 2.00 $\frac{{5.59 \sim 13.99}}{{9.16}} $ $\frac{{2.41 \sim 33.17}}{{9.40}} $ 0.80 2.06 $\frac{{0.68 \sim 8.92}}{{2.86}} $ ② 1 296.60 1 313.00 16.40 $\frac{{8.53 \sim 11.34}}{{10.35}} $ $ \frac{{2.45 \sim 5.35}}{{4.07}}$ 0.29 0.97 $ \frac{{0.73 \sim 1.68}}{{1.27}}$ ③ 1 314.95 1 318.60 3.65 $\frac{{8.53 \sim 11.98}}{{10.52}} $ $ \frac{{2.45 \sim 6.55}}{{4.62}}$ 0.29 1.08 $ \frac{{0.77 \sim 1.83}}{{1.37}}$ ④ 1 326.50 1 328.20 1.70 $\frac{{8.53 \sim 13.17}}{{10.88}} $ $ \frac{{2.91 \sim 5.76}}{{4.41}}$ 0.23 1.04 $\frac{{0.77 \sim 1.98}}{{1.28}} $ ⑤ 1 329.50 1 340.70 11.20 $ \frac{{3.13 \sim 11.81}}{{10.84}}$ $ \frac{{2.58 \sim 5.35}}{{4.31}}$ 0.34 1.02 $\frac{{0.88 \sim 1.68}}{{1.36}}$
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表 6 涟源凹陷测水组有利区页岩气资源评价参数值
Table 6. Evaluation parameters of shale gas resources in favorable area of Ceshui Formation in Lianyuan Sag
参数 P5 P25 P50 P75 P95 体积参数 面积(km2) 262.40 有效厚度(m) 35.63 34.72 32.31 25.75 22.52 含气量参数 总含气量(m3/t) 2.46 2.29 2.29 0.33 0.33 其他参数 TOC(%) 1.15~1.70 页岩密度(g/cm3) 2.60 地质资源量(108 m3) 752.46 559.73 398.48 87.72 55.69
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