Idea, Method and Application of Evaluating Shale Oil Potential by Free Hydrocarbon Difference
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摘要: 如何准确判断页岩含油性是页岩油勘探甜点预测的关键.根据陆相泥页岩非均质性特点，提出用自由烃差值（即原始生烃量减去现存残留量）评价页岩含油性的方法，并对泌阳凹陷深凹区重点井进行采样分析，刻画自由烃差值在剖面上与平面上的分布特征.结果表明：剖面上，泌页1井5号页岩层的底部含油性较好，程2井5号页岩层的顶部含油性较好；平面上，含油性较好的主要分布在程2井区一带，而最先获得工业油流的泌页1井区并非含油性最好的区域.结合地层压力系数、脆性矿物含量及其他地质因素，在大甜点区内进一步划分出3个不同级别的小甜点区.由此可见，用自由烃差值法评价和预测页岩含油性是可行的，后期的勘探实践也证明了该甜点预测的正确性.Abstract: Assessment of shale oil potential is an important issue for predicting the sweet spots of shale oil exploration.Here, we suggest a new free hydrocarbon index to assess the oil content considering the characteristics of heterogeneity, and we present a case study of the Paleogene Hetaoyuan Formation in the Biyang Depression by this method to analyze the key wells of shale oil in the deep sag, Biyang Depression.First, the section characteristics of free hydrocarbon difference for the No.5 shale layer in Well Biye1 and Well Cheng2 are depicted.The results show that the oil potential for the No.5 shale layer is good for the bottom of Well Biye1 and the top of Well Cheng2.Then, the above-mentioned process is appled to the whole deep sag to predict the horizontal distribution of shale oil.It is found that the area of good shale oil potential is located in the area of Well Cheng2, while the area of Biye1 is not the best shale oil area though the industrial shale oil has been found there.Combined with the formation pressure coefficient and the content of brittle mineral, we overlap the thickness of non-mudstone interlayer, the development area of micro-cracks and the distribution of micro-structures, and three different grades of small sweet spots have been proposed based on the previous one big sweet spots.This prediction has been partly proved by the recent exploration.
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图 1 研究区构造位置及5号页岩层地层柱状图
Fig. 1. Tectonic location of the research region and the stratigraphic column of the No.5 shale layer
图 2 泌页1井5号页岩层自由烃差值剖面变化
Fig. 2. Geochemical sections indicating free hydrocarbon differences in the No.5 shale layer of Well Biye1
图 3 程2井5号页岩层自由烃差值剖面变化
Fig. 3. Geochemical sections indicating free hydrocarbon differences in the No.5 shale layer of Well Cheng2
图 4 泌阳凹陷深凹区5号页岩层泥页岩含油饱和指数等值线图
Fig. 4. OSI distribution of the No.5 shale layer in the deep sag, Biyang Depression
图 5 泌阳凹陷深凹区5号页岩层泥页岩自由烃差值等值线图
Fig. 5. Free hydrocarbon differences distribution of the No.5 shale layer in the deep sag, Biyang Depression
图 6 地层压力系数和脆性矿物含量与页岩含油性分布叠合图
Fig. 6. Formation pressure coefficient, brittle mineral content and shale oil potential of the No.5 shale layer in the deep sag, Biyang Depression
图 7 页岩油富集甜点区划分与夹层厚度分布叠合图
Fig. 7. Division of shale oil sweet spots and the interlayer-thickness distribution of the No.5 shale layer in the deep sag, Biyang Depression
图 8 页岩油富集甜点区划分与微裂缝发育等级分布叠合图
Fig. 8. Division of shale oil sweet spots and the micro-fracture development of the No.5 shale layer in the deep sag, Biyang Depression
图 9 页岩油富集甜点区划分与微幅构造分布叠合图
Fig. 9. Division of shale oil sweet spots and the micro-structure distribution of the No.5 shale layer in the deep sag, Biyang Depression
表 1 泌阳凹陷深凹区5号页岩层部分井含油饱和指数和自由烃差值
Table 1. OSI and free hydrocarbon differences in the No.5 shale layer of some wells in the deep sag, Biyang Depression
井号 含油饱和指数
(OSI, mg/g TOC)自由烃差值
(ΔS1, mg/g rock)B80 14.50 1.26 B93 51.69 0.71 B215 18.74 0.44 B270 404.39 -3.94 B280 142.02 -1.76 B289 36.18 -0.50 B291 355.30 -6.18 B296 134.42 -1.64 B305 306.05 -3.43 B314 18.30 -0.08 B354 446.06 -8.60 B355 45.22 4.79 B364 494.93 -4.91 B365 101.31 -0.79 BYHF1 43.98 1.53 Cheng2 276.88 0.97 AS1 45.40 0.49 
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表 2 泌阳凹陷深凹区5号页岩层甜点区级别与指标
Table 2. Sweet spots and its parameters for the No.5 shale layer in the deep sag, Biyang Depression
指标 Ⅰ级甜点区 Ⅱ级甜点区 Ⅲ级甜点区 地层压力系数 ＞1.25 ＞1.25 ＞1.25 脆性矿物含量 ＞64% ＞64% ＞64% 含油饱和指数(OSI，mg/g TOC) ＞200 ＞200 ＞200 自由烃差值(ΔS1，mg/g rock) ＜-2.0 ＜-2.0 ＜-2.0 夹层厚度(m) 与2 m夹层分布形状一致，其内夹层厚度大于2 m，最厚超过6 m 与2 m夹层分布形状一致，其内夹层厚度大于2 m，最厚超过6 m 小于2 m 微裂缝发育等级 与Ⅰ级微裂缝发育相吻合 裂缝不发育 裂缝不发育 微幅构造 介于2个微幅构造的鞍部 有一个Ⅱ级微幅鼻状构造 北部有Ⅱ级微幅构造
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