Early Cretaceous Regional-Scale Magmatic-Hydrothermal Metallogenic System at the Southern Margin of the North China Carton
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摘要: 华北克拉通南缘在中生代发生了大规模的成矿作用，主要的矿床类型有脉状金矿床（石英脉型、构造蚀变岩型）、斑岩型钼矿床、脉状银铅锌矿床.对于这些矿床的成因和成矿动力学背景，目前还存在不少争议.但近年来越来越多的成矿年代学证据表明，这些矿床均主要形成于早白垩世，且与区域上广泛发育的岩浆活动具有高度的时空一致性.在归纳总结华北克拉通南缘主要矿床类型地质特征和时空分布的基础上，简述各类矿床的成矿物质来源以及它们之间的成因联系，指出这些不同类型的矿床组成了一个巨型的岩浆-热液成矿系统.华北克拉通南缘成矿作用与其邻近的东秦岭-大别成矿带的成矿作用具有一致性，均受中国东部早白垩世大规模伸展作用控制，是统一的地球动力学背景下的产物.结合地球物理的资料认为，早白垩世岩石圈伸展及其导致的岩浆作用最可能与晚中生代古太平洋板块向东亚大陆边缘俯冲作用有关.上涌的岩浆热液在合适的构造体制下，与上地壳的岩石和流体发生交代和流体混合，最终在浅部形成大规模的岩浆-热液成矿系统.Abstract: The southern margin of the North China Craton has a large-scale ore-forming event during the Mesozoic, and includes three major deposit types of lode gold (as either quartz veins or disseminated ores), porphyry Mo, and quartz vein-type Ag-Pb-Zn deposits. Ore genesis and geodynamic setting for these deposits, however, are still in a matter of debate. Geochronological studies in recent years have revealed that all of these deposits were formed during the Early Cretaceous, and show close spatial-temporal relationship with regional large-scale magmatism. In this study, we make a summary of geological features and regionally spatial-temporal distributioin of the major deposit types, and discuss their probable metal sources and possible genetic links between different deposit types. We suggest that these different types of deposits formed a giant regional magmatic-hydrothermal metallogenic system. Moreover, the mineralization event at the southern margin of the North China Craton has ages and geological features consistent with those deposits in the neighboring eastern Qinling-Dabie metallogenic belt. They were formed in the same geodynamic setting, which was controlled by the Early Cretaceous large-scale extensional events of the East China. In combination with geophysical data, such an extensional and magmatic event at a lithospheric scale was mostly likely related to the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate underneath the East Asia continent. Upwelling of the magmas and the related hydrothermal fluids were extensively interacted with upper crustal rocks and shallow-derived fluids, and formed a regional scale magmatic-hydrothermal matallogenic system at the priority structures of upper crustal level.
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图 1 华北克拉通中生代主要矿床类型及其分布
Fig. 1. The distribution of major Mesozoic deposits in North China Craton
图 2 华北克拉通南缘地质简图及主要类型的矿床分布
Fig. 2. Simplified geological map of the south margin of the North China Craton, also showing the locations of major deposit types
图 3 红土岭矿床钼(a~c)、金(d~f)矿脉石英中流体包裹体对比
Fig. 3. Comparison of fluid inclusions from the Mo (a-c) and Au (d-f) veins from the Hongtuling deposit
图 5 南泥湖矿田斑岩型-矽卡岩型钼(钨)矿-矽卡岩型硫铁铅锌矿-热液脉型银铅锌矿成矿系列示意
图改自李占轲(2013);年龄数据李永峰等(2005)、叶会寿等(2006)、向君峰等(2012)、李占轲(2013)、杨晨英等(2016)
Fig. 5. A sketch showing a metallogenic system for the porphyry-skarn Mo-(W), skarn Pb-Zn, and lode Pb-Zn-Ag deposits in the Nannihu orefield
图 6 华北克拉通南缘侏罗纪-白垩纪岩浆岩及典型类型矿床年龄统计结果
数据主要引自Li et al.(2012a)、李占轲(2013)、唐克菲(2014)
Fig. 6. Histogram for the Jurassic-Cretaceous intrusions and major deposit types for the southern margin of North China Craton
图 7 华北克拉通南缘晚中生代金矿床、钼矿床和银铅锌矿床Pb同位素组成对比
铅同位素数据主要来源：小秦岭金矿床据聂凤军等(2001)、赵海香(2011)；熊耳山金矿床据王炯辉等(2016)、张苏坤等(2016)；斑岩型钼矿床据焦建刚等(2010)、李洪英等(2011)、Li et al.(2017)；银铅锌矿床据陈衍景等(2003)、Li et al.(2013, 2016)
Fig. 7. Pb isotope for Au, Mo, and Pb-Zn-Ag deposits at the southern margin of the North China Craton
图 8 华北克拉通南缘早白垩世成矿模式示意图及不同矿床类型间的成因联系
修改自李占轲(2013)
Fig. 8. A sketch showing the possible genetic links between the Early Cretaceous deposit types in the southern margin of the North China Craton
图 9 华北克拉通南缘及东秦岭-桐柏-大别岩浆岩分布及早白垩世斑岩钼矿床、脉状金矿床和银铅锌矿床分布图
底图据高昕宇等(2017)
Fig. 9. A simplified map showing the Early Cretaceous intrusions and porphyry Cu, lode Au and Au-Pb-Zn deposits in both southern margin of the North China Craton and eastern Qinling-Dabie orogen
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