新疆乌伦布拉克铜矿流体包裹体特征及含矿岩体年代学

孙万龙; 彭素霞; 白建科; 刘建朝; 王德明; 邵博琪; 李天石

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2018.166

新疆乌伦布拉克铜矿流体包裹体特征及含矿岩体年代学

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.166

1.
长安大学地球科学与资源学院, 陕西西安 710054
2.
中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心, 陕西西安 710054
3.
新疆地矿局第二区域地质调查大队, 新疆昌吉 831100
4.
中国地质大学地球科学与资源学院, 北京 100083

基金项目:

陕西省自然科学基金项目 2018JM4001

中国地质调查局地质矿产调查评价项目 DD20160006

详细信息

作者简介:
孙万龙(1992-), 男, 硕士研究生, 矿物学、岩石学、矿床学专业

中图分类号: P53
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-03-31
- 刊出日期: 2018-12-15

Fluid Inclusions and Geochronology of Wulunbulake Copper Deposit in Xinjiang

1.
School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
2.
Xi'an Center of Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Xi'an 710054, China
3.
Regional Geological Survey Brigade No.2, Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Changji 831100, China
4.
School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China

摘要

摘要: 乌伦布拉克铜矿位于新疆东准噶尔野马泉-琼河坝铜多金属成矿带中，其矿床成因和成矿时代存在较大争议，从流体包裹体和锆石U-Pb定年等方面做了研究探讨.矿床主要发育富液相包裹体，成矿流体为低温（136.9~224.5℃）、低盐度（1.7%~5.6% NaCl eqv.）、低密度（0.97~1.01 g/cm³）流体，估算的成矿压力为2.76×10⁷~4.49×10⁷ Pa，对应的成矿深度为1.04~1.95 km，属于浅成矿床.激光拉曼探针测试结果表明流体液相组分主要为水，气相组分除水蒸气外，还含有一定量CH₄、N₂和H₂.锆石U-Pb测年结果显示含矿石英闪长岩年龄为440.5±3.3 Ma，不含矿石英斑岩年龄为419.7±3.3 Ma，表明研究区至少经历了2期岩浆活动，成矿作用从早志留世就已开始.矿床由内向外发育典型的"斑岩型"蚀变分带（强硅化带-钾化带-绢英岩化带-青磐岩化带），表明乌伦布拉克铜矿为斑岩型铜矿，形成于志留纪古亚洲洋向南俯冲的岛弧环境.东准噶尔甚至新疆北部地区在志留纪处于岛弧环境，该时期的岩浆岩带是形成和寻找斑岩型铜矿的有利地区.
- 流体包裹体 /
- 锆石U-Pb定年 /
- 斑岩型铜矿 /
- 东准噶尔 /
- 地质年代学
Abstract: Wulunbulake copper deposit is located at the north-western segment of the Yemaquan-Qiongheba Cu-polymetallic metallogenic belt, East Junggar, Xinjiang. However, its genetic type and mineralizing age has been debated. This study presents new results on fluid inclusions and zircon U-Pb dating to precisely constrain the type and time of mineralization. The dominant fluid inclusions in Wulunbulake copper deposit are liquid-rich type, with low homogenization temperature (136.9-224.5℃), low salinity (1.7%~5.6% NaCl eqv.) and low density (0.97-1.01 g/cm³), the mineralizing pressure is 2.76×10⁷-4.49×10⁷ Pa and the corresponding depth is 1.04-1.95 km. The laser Raman spectroscopy results indicate that the ore-forming fluids consist of H₂O, CH₄, N₂, H₂. Zircon U-Pb dating results show that the formation age of ore-bearing quartz diorite and quartz porphyry is 440.5±3.3 Ma, and 419.7±3.3 Ma, respectively, indicating that there had experienced two-stage magmatic activities from Early Silurian. From the interior to the outer part of the deposit, there exist typical alteration zonation characteristics of porphyry deposits (silica alternation-potassic alternation-phyllic alternation-propylitization), and the geochemical characteristics of ore-bearing indicate that they were most possibly formed in arc setting. Its genetic type should be typical porphyry copper deposit and related to the southward subduction of the Paleo-Asian oceanic crust in the Early Silurian period. The East Junggar even northern Xinjiang was in the island arc environment in the Silurian, and the magmatic zone is a potential area for formation and prospecting of porphyritic Cu deposit.
- fluid inclusion /
- zircon U-Pb dating /
- porphyry copper deposit /
- East Junggar /
- geochronology

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图 1 乌伦布拉克铜矿区域地质图(a)与矿区地质图(b)

Fig. 1. Regional geologic map (a) and ore district map (b) of Wulunbulake copper deposit

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图 2 乌伦布拉克铜矿区照片

a.砾岩与石英闪长岩不整合接触关系；b.砾岩中石英闪长岩砾石

Fig. 2. Photographs in Wulunbulake copper deposit

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图 3 乌伦布拉克铜矿矿石及蚀变照片

a.脉状-浸染状黄铁矿和黄铜矿矿石；b.脉状黄铁矿和黄铜矿矿石；c.浸染状斑铜矿、黄铜矿和黄铁矿；d.隐爆角砾岩中孔雀石化；e.强硅化石英闪长岩中发育脉状-浸染状黄铁矿和黄铜矿；f.钾化蚀变石英闪长岩中发育浸染状黄铁矿；g.黄铜矿充填于黄铁矿裂隙中；h.黄铜矿呈脉状分布于黄铁矿中；f.黄铜矿、黄铁矿与辉钼矿共生.Py.黄铁矿；Ccp.黄铜矿；Mlb.辉钼矿

Fig. 3. Various ore types and alterations in Wulunbulake copper deposit

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图 4 乌伦布拉克铜矿流体包裹体照片

L.液相；V.气相

Fig. 4. Photographs of the fluid inclusions from Wulunbulake copper deposit

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图 5 乌伦布拉克铜矿均一温度(a)及盐度分布直方图(b)

Fig. 5. Histograms of homogenization temperatures (a) and salinity (b) of the fluid inclusions from Wulunbulake copper deposit

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图 6 乌伦布拉克铜矿流体包裹体盐度-均一温度分布图(a)和氢氧同位素组成图解(b)

图b数据1引自喻亨祥等(1998)；数据2和3引自夏佐铎(2000)

Fig. 6. Homogenization-salinity (a) and δ¹⁸O vs. δD (b) diagrams of the fluid inclusions from Wulunbulake copper deposit

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图 7 乌伦布拉克铜矿流体包裹体拉曼光谱

Fig. 7. The laser Raman spectroscopy of the fluid inclusions from Wulunbulake copper deposit

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图 8 锆石阴极发光图像

圆圈为分析点位置

Fig. 8. Cathodoluminescence (CL) images of zircon

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图 9 锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图及²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄

Fig. 9. Zircon U-Pb concordia diagrams and weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages

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表 1 乌伦布拉克铜矿流体包裹体显微测温数据及估算参数

Table 1. Microthermometric data and estimation parameters of the fluid inclusions in quartz from Wulunbulake copper deposit

样品编号	测试点号	寄主矿物	冰点温度(℃)	均一温度(℃)	校正后均一温度(℃)	盐度(% NaCl eqv.)	密度(g/cm³)	压力(10⁵ Pa)	深度(km)
	1		-3.4	144.6	194.6	5.6	1.00	389.5	1.47
	2		-3.4	136.3	186.3	5.6	1.01	367.3	1.39
WL1	3	石英	-2.8	135.4	185.4	4.6	1.00	361.0	1.36
	4		-2.8	135.4	185.4	4.6	1.00	361.0	1.36
	5		-2.6	133.0	183.0	4.3	0.99	353.1	1.33
	1		-1.8	137.2	162.2	3.1	0.98	354.4	1.34
	2		-1.7	135.5	160.5	2.9	0.97	348.2	1.31
	3		-1.7	135.4	160.4	2.9	0.97	348.0	1.31
WL2	4	石英	-2.0	138.7	163.7	3.4	0.98	361.4	1.36
	5		-1.2	130.5	155.5	2.1	0.97	323.1	1.22
	6		-1.2	130.1	155.1	2.1	0.97	322.3	1.22
	1		-2.4	155.7	210.7	4.0	0.98	411.0	1.55
	2		-2.5	169.5	224.5	4.2	0.97	448.8	1.69
WL3	3	石英	-1.2	115.3	138.3	2.1	0.98	285.6	1.08
	4		-1.2	114.0	137.0	2.1	0.98	282.4	1.07
	5		-1.0	113.9	136.9	1.7	0.98	275.6	1.04
	1		-2.0	135.5	160.5	3.4	0.98	353.0	1.33
	2		-1.8	131.5	156.5	3.1	0.98	339.7	1.28
	3		-1.8	131.5	156.5	3.1	0.98	339.7	1.28
WL4	4	石英	-1.5	130.4	155.4	2.6	0.97	331.1	1.25
	5		-1.5	130.3	155.3	2.6	0.97	330.9	1.25
	6		-1.3	130.1	155.1	2.2	0.97	325.3	1.23

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表 2 石英闪长岩(WLBLK-2)和石英斑岩(WLBLK-3)LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb分析结果

Table 2. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb data for the quartz diorite (WLBLK-2) and the quartz porphyry (WLBLK-3)

测试点	含量(10^-6)			Th/U	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb		²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U		²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U		²⁰⁸Pb/²³²Th		²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U
测试点	Pb	Th	U	Th/U	比值	1σ	比值	1σ	比值	1σ	比值	1σ	年龄(Ma)	1σ
WLBLK-2-01	52.93	437.13	522.87	0.84	0.055 0	0.000 8	0.539 7	0.008 0	0.070 6	0.000 4	0.021 0	0.000 3	440	3
WLBLK-2-02	36.73	311.34	348.12	0.89	0.056 1	0.000 9	0.557 9	0.009 2	0.071 5	0.000 5	0.021 2	0.000 3	445	3
WLBLK-2-03	44.36	361.58	441.44	0.82	0.057 5	0.000 9	0.563 1	0.008 6	0.070 7	0.000 5	0.021 1	0.000 3	440	3
WLBLK-2-04	26.93	192.03	290.94	0.66	0.057 5	0.001 1	0.575 1	0.010 0	0.072 2	0.000 5	0.021 3	0.000 3	450	3
WLBLK-2-05	55.11	462.76	537.19	0.86	0.055 9	0.000 9	0.555 9	0.008 5	0.071 6	0.000 5	0.021 3	0.000 3	446	3
WLBLK-2-06	113.17	1 087.73	967.23	1.12	0.055 8	0.000 8	0.556 0	0.008 0	0.071 7	0.000 5	0.021 9	0.000 3	446	3
WLBLK-2-07	53.77	479.74	540.83	0.89	0.056 9	0.000 9	0.541 4	0.008 8	0.068 4	0.000 5	0.020 4	0.000 3	427	3
WLBLK-2-08	34.57	286.25	353.75	0.81	0.058 2	0.001 0	0.561 0	0.009 8	0.069 4	0.000 5	0.021 2	0.000 3	432	3
WLBLK-2-09	20.59	117.24	199.95	0.59	0.075 0	0.001 6	0.767 4	0.015 8	0.073 8	0.000 6	0.030 6	0.000 6	459	3
WLBLK-2-10	66.13	575.20	633.08	0.91	0.056 5	0.000 8	0.558 4	0.007 6	0.071 3	0.000 4	0.021 5	0.000 3	444	3
WLBLK-2-11	90.13	689.54	911.77	0.76	0.058 5	0.000 8	0.577 3	0.007 9	0.071 2	0.000 5	0.023 8	0.000 3	443	3
WLBLK-2-12	83.15	774.59	755.11	1.03	0.057 0	0.000 8	0.556 7	0.008 2	0.070 3	0.000 5	0.021 6	0.000 3	438	3
WLBLK-2-13	9.21	42.13	109.67	0.38	0.064 0	0.001 6	0.656 9	0.016 0	0.074 5	0.000 7	0.025 7	0.000 6	459	4
WLBLK-2-14	16.34	122.02	171.89	0.71	0.057 4	0.001 4	0.566 7	0.013 5	0.071 7	0.000 6	0.022 2	0.000 4	447	3
WLBLK-2-15	81.12	781.73	749.04	1.04	0.055 9	0.000 7	0.537 6	0.007 4	0.069 5	0.000 4	0.020 7	0.000 3	433	3
WLBLK-2-16	44.63	347.71	467.74	0.74	0.056 6	0.000 9	0.555 3	0.009 0	0.070 9	0.000 4	0.021 7	0.000 3	442	3
WLBLK-2-17	46.09	356.96	508.70	0.70	0.055 6	0.000 9	0.531 1	0.008 2	0.069 1	0.000 4	0.021 4	0.000 3	431	3
WLBLK-2-18	40.81	333.74	415.98	0.80	0.057 6	0.000 9	0.556 1	0.008 5	0.069 9	0.000 4	0.021 8	0.000 3	435	3
WLBLK-2-19	9.73	54.34	116.06	0.47	0.061 1	0.001 5	0.599 2	0.014 0	0.071 6	0.000 6	0.024 6	0.000 6	446	4
WLBLK-2-20	25.32	202.88	247.16	0.82	0.058 0	0.001 1	0.572 1	0.010 7	0.071 7	0.000 5	0.022 9	0.000 3	446	3
WLBLK-3-01	6.01	37.08	88.58	0.42	0.050 8	0.001 7	0.469 2	0.016 1	0.067 2	0.000 7	0.016 0	0.000 5	419	4
WLBLK-3-02	9.76	72.40	135.89	0.53	0.053 6	0.001 6	0.487 4	0.013 7	0.066 3	0.000 6	0.014 9	0.000 3	414	4
WLBLK-3-03	5.79	32.51	83.29	0.39	0.053 2	0.001 7	0.491 1	0.014 5	0.067 6	0.000 6	0.015 5	0.000 5	422	4
WLBLK-3-04	4.60	23.42	61.40	0.38	0.058 2	0.002 3	0.563 7	0.021 1	0.071 7	0.000 8	0.020 1	0.000 7	447	5
WLBLK-3-05	12.21	83.69	176.08	0.48	0.049 2	0.001 2	0.450 3	0.010 6	0.066 3	0.000 5	0.015 3	0.000 3	414	3
WLBLK-3-06	4.50	25.32	62.18	0.41	0.057 7	0.002 3	0.532 3	0.019 8	0.068 1	0.000 9	0.018 9	0.000 7	425	5
WLBLK-3-07	7.24	45.50	104.15	0.44	0.053 5	0.001 5	0.500 5	0.013 8	0.068 0	0.000 6	0.015 4	0.000 4	424	4
WLBLK-3-08	5.04	29.66	70.81	0.42	0.052 8	0.002 0	0.492 1	0.017 1	0.068 4	0.000 8	0.015 9	0.000 5	427	5
WLBLK-3-09	11.93	97.18	148.18	0.66	0.051 6	0.001 4	0.479 6	0.012 0	0.067 7	0.000 6	0.016 6	0.000 3	422	4
WLBLK-3-10	5.38	31.34	68.18	0.46	0.052 9	0.002 1	0.518 0	0.019 8	0.072 4	0.000 8	0.017 2	0.000 6	450	5
WLBLK-3-11	4.57	27.73	66.07	0.42	0.056 1	0.002 2	0.499 4	0.018 1	0.066 3	0.000 8	0.016 8	0.000 5	414	5
WLBLK-3-12	4.37	26.98	58.82	0.46	0.058 3	0.002 5	0.534 4	0.021 2	0.068 5	0.000 8	0.017 1	0.000 5	427	5
WLBLK-3-13	6.74	40.37	91.57	0.44	0.055 2	0.001 9	0.510 3	0.016 3	0.068 0	0.000 7	0.017 6	0.000 5	424	4
WLBLK-3-14	4.97	31.69	66.11	0.48	0.057 3	0.002 4	0.522 8	0.020 1	0.068 1	0.000 7	0.017 1	0.000 5	425	4
WLBLK-3-15	3.71	12.23	39.70	0.31	0.091 8	0.003 9	0.872 5	0.035 6	0.070 7	0.001 0	0.037 3	0.001 3	425	6
WLBLK-3-16	6.63	43.74	84.44	0.52	0.057 7	0.001 9	0.530 5	0.016 7	0.067 5	0.000 7	0.018 1	0.000 5	421	4
WLBLK-3-17	10.48	74.61	136.93	0.54	0.052 4	0.001 6	0.475 6	0.014 5	0.066 1	0.000 6	0.017 1	0.000 4	413	3
WLBLK-3-18	8.40	64.09	111.42	0.58	0.051 9	0.001 7	0.463 6	0.014 5	0.065 2	0.000 6	0.015 9	0.000 4	407	4
WLBLK-3-19	5.15	27.55	72.49	0.38	0.054 7	0.002 0	0.516 4	0.018 7	0.068 9	0.000 7	0.017 8	0.000 5	430	4
WLBLK-3-20	3.79	19.54	51.71	0.38	0.057 3	0.002 3	0.523 3	0.019 8	0.068 0	0.000 9	0.018 2	0.000 7	424	5

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