Analysis of Oil Charging and Accumulation Processes in Tight Reservoir Beds: A Case Study of Lucaogu Formation in Jimsar Sag of Junggar Basin, NW China
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摘要: 作为油气地质领域研究的热点和难点，单一研究手段很难理清致密油充注成藏机理和运聚成藏过程.以准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组致密油层为例，通过充注物理模拟实验与成岩-成储-成藏过程分析相结合，分析研究致密油运聚成藏过程.芦草沟组烃源岩自晚三叠世（对应的地层中Ro=0.5%）开始进入生油窗，在中侏罗世（对应的地层中Ro=0.7%）进入大量生烃阶段，至今仍处于生油阶段.烃类包裹体研究表明，吉木萨尔凹陷主要有两期成藏，一期在侏罗纪，包裹体均一温度在50~70 ℃；第二期是在白垩纪-古近纪，包裹体均一温度在120 ℃左右.吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组致密储层成岩阶段可划分为三个阶段：①早成岩A期：晚二叠世早期（260 Ma）及之前；②早成岩B期：晚二叠世早期至晚三叠世时期（距今260~220 Ma）；③中成岩A期：晚三叠世至今（220~0 Ma）.根据成岩演化阶段与生烃成藏过程分析，结合致密储层充注模拟实验结论，认为芦草沟组致密油成岩-成储-成藏过程可分为3个阶段：（1）早期储层中-高孔渗条件下低熟油气的充注阶段（晚三叠世之前）；（2）边致密边成藏及改变岩石表面为油润湿性阶段（晚三叠世至早白垩世末期）；（3）芦草沟组致密层中成熟油的持续充注阶段（早白垩世末期至今）.吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组致密油资源潜力大，上甜点体（B段）致密油地质资源量约为4.45×108 t，下甜点体（E段）致密油地质资源量约为7.95×108 t.Abstract: As a hot and difficult research topic in the field of oil and gas geology, it is hard to clarify the tight oil charging and accumulating mechanism, migration and accumulation processes by a single approach. Taking the tight oil layers in the Lucaogu Formation in the Jimsar Sag of the Junggar Basin as an example, oil migration and accumulation processes in tight reservoir beds have been examined by combining physical modeling experiments of oil charging with the analysis of the process of diagenesis-reservoir formation-hydrocarbon generation and accumulation in this study. Has entered oil-generating window since Late Triassic period (corresponding to Ro=0.5%), and has entered massive hydrocarbon generation stage since Middle Jurassic period (corresponding to Ro=0.7%), the source rock in the Lucaogu Formation is still at the oil generation stage now. Many studies on hydrocarbon inclusions show that the Jimsar Sag has experienced two stages of hydrocarbon accumulation:the first stage was in Jurassic period (with inclusion homogenization temperature at 50~70℃, and the second stage was in Cretaceous-Paleogene period (with inclusion homogenization temperature at about 120℃). The diagenetic stages of tight reservoir beds in the Lucaogu Formation in the Jimsar Sag can be classified into three periods:①Period A in early diagenesis:early period of Late Permian (260 Ma) and before; ② Period B in early diagenesis:from early period of Late Permian to Late Triassic (260-220 Ma); ③Period A in middle diagenesis:from Late Triassic to present (220~0 Ma). According to analysis of diagenetic evolution stages and hydrocarbon accumulation process, and the conclusions from the physical modeling of oil charging in tight reservoir beds, the process of diagenesis-reservoir formation-hydrocarbon accumulation of tight oil in the Lucaogu Formation can be divided into the following three periods:(1) low-maturity oil and gas charging period under medium-high porosity and permeability condition in early reservoir beds (before Late Triassic); (2) the period that simultaneous tightness and accumulation occurs, and rock surface wettability changing to oilwet (from Late Triassic to the end of Early Cretaceous); (3) continuous charging period of mature oil in tight reservoir beds in the Lucaogu Formation (the end of Early Cretaceous to present). The Lucaogu Formation in the Jimsar Sag has large tight oil resource reserves potentials. The geological resources reserves of tight oil in upper sweet spot volume (Section B) are about 4.45×108 t, and in lower sweet spot volume (Section E) are about 7.95×108 t.
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图 1 吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组试油成果
Fig. 1. Result of yielding tests for Lucaogou Formation in Jimsar Sag
图 2 吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组致密储层物性分布直方图
Fig. 2. Histograms about the characteristics in permeability (a) and porosity (b) of the tight reservoir of Lucaogou Formation in Jimsar Sag
图 3 研究区芦草沟组储层毛细管压力曲线及喉道类型
Fig. 3. Curves acquired in the tests for capillary pressure and types of throats existed in the pore system of tight reservoir of Lucaogou Formation in the study area
图 4 吉木萨尔芦草沟组储集空间类型分布
Fig. 4. Distributional characteristics in pore volumes contributed by different pore types existed in the tight reservoir of Lucaogou Formation in Jimsar Sag
图 5 吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组源储组合分类
Fig. 5. Classification of main types in the combination of source rock and reservoir of Lucaogou Formation in Jimsar Sag
图 6 吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组致密储层成岩演化阶段与成岩作用分析
Fig. 6. Analytic diagram about the stage and the corresponding observed phenomenon in diagenetic effect in the tight reservoir of Lucaogou Formation in Jimsar Sag
图 7 吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组致密储层充注期次及成藏
Fig. 7. Characteristics in infilling periods and oil accumulation occurred in the tight reservoir of Lucaogou Formation in Jimsar Sag
图 8 吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组致密储层孔隙演化史
Fig. 8. History in the evolutive process of pore system of the tight reservoir of Lucaogou Formation in Jimsar Sag
图 9 吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组致密储层成藏阶段分析
Fig. 9. Result of analysis for the key stages of tight reservoir forming and oil accumulation of Lucaogou Formation in Jimsar Sag
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