Morphology of Detrital Zircon and Its Application in Provenance Analysis:Example from Cretaceous Continental Scientific Drilling Borehole in Songliao Basin
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摘要: 碎屑锆石的同位素热年代学提供了物源区的精确年龄和大地构造背景, 是目前物源分析中先进的、使用最为广泛的研究方法之一.在同一沉积区内, 碎屑锆石颗粒通常是多来源的, 经历了复杂的从源到汇的物质输送过程.能否揭示沉积物中的锆石颗粒从源区到沉积区的地表动力作用, 是对碎屑锆石同位素年龄及年龄谱系进行合理地质解释的关键.提出碎屑锆石形态学定量化的实验分类方法, 设计出一种适用于多参数分析的多维蛛网密度图, 试图通过对碎屑锆石的来源、锆石晶体的磨圆度、断裂方式、裂隙和表面撞痕等多种形态学参数的定量分析来揭示碎屑锆石由源区到沉积区搬运过程中经历的地表动力特征, 进而丰富和完善碎屑锆石年代学源-汇系统的内容, 为沉积物源分析提供一种新的实验手段.并以松辽盆地松科一井相关的碎屑锆石样品分析为例, 介绍了这种方法的实际应用及其效果.Abstract: The geological thermochronology of detrital zircon in sediments is one of the most robust methods for the provenance analysis by providing accurate age constraint and tectonic setting of source terranes.However, the detrital zircon grains are often derived from more than one source terrane and have undergone a rather complicated terrestrial transportation processes from source to sink.The reconstruction of the surface dynamic processes from the source area to the catchment basin is critical to convincing geological interpretation of the detrital zircon U-Pb age patterns.This paper presents a new approach for the quantitative classification of detrital zircon morphologies, by quantifing various morphological parameters, including the mother rock of detrital zircon, the degree of crystal roundness, the way of crystal fracture, the degree of crystal fissure and the collision marks upon the crystal surfaces.In order to illustrate all the morphological parameters and make a reliable geological interpretation, we designed a new kind and teaching-friendly density plot, the multidimensional spider density plot, which could reveal the overall trend of one detrital zircon sample during the whole surface transportation process.Finally, detrital zircon samples, which were collected from the Cretaceous Continental Scientific Drilling borehole (CCSD-SK-1) in the Songliao basin, were analyzed to detect the provenance variation.The practical application proves that the morphological classification proposed in this paper is valid and reliable for provenance study.
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图 1 碎屑锆石磨圆度分级实例
a为扫描电镜照片, 引自Gärtner et al.(2017); b为透射光照片
Fig. 1. The instance pictures illustrating the grading of the roundness of detrital zircons
图 2 碎屑锆石晶体的3种断裂方式
a.无断裂, 即晶体完整; b.平行于c轴断裂; c.垂直于c轴断裂; 红色虚线为锆石断开部位
Fig. 2. The three grades of the way of fracturing of detrital zircon crystals
图 3 碎屑锆石晶体表面的裂缝
如图白色箭头指示进行分辨
Fig. 3. Different cracks on the crystal faces of the detrital zircon crystals
图 4 碎屑锆石晶体表面撞击痕迹的4个等级
Ⅰ.晶体表面基本无撞痕或撞痕的数量极少, 晶体边缘和晶面平滑; Ⅱ.晶体表面出现少量撞痕, 晶体的某些边缘和少量晶面有缺陷; Ⅲ.晶体表面有相当数量的撞痕, 并在晶体内尖锐的边缘和平滑的晶面上留下显著的痕迹; Ⅳ.晶体表面有大量的撞痕, 整个晶体看起来坑坑洼洼, 粗糙不平; 扫描电镜图片引自Gärtne et al.(2017)
Fig. 4. The four grades of collision marks upon the crystal faces of detrital zircon crystals
图 5 多维蛛网密度图及其表达的6种参数
Fig. 5. The multidimensional probability diagram representing the interrelations between six parameters of detrital zircon crystals
图 6 松辽盆地综合地层柱状图及松科一井嫩五段至四方台组综合地层剖面
Fig. 6. The integrated stratigraphic framework of the Songliao basin and the stratigraphic profile from the 5th member of the Nenjiang Formation to the Sifangtai Formation of the CCSD-SK-1
图 7 松科一井北孔嫩江组(a)和四方台组(b)碎屑锆石样品的多维蛛网密度图
Fig. 7. The multidimensional probability diagrams representing the differences of detrital zircon crystals between the 5th member of the Nenjiang Formation (a) and the Sifangtai Formation (b) of the CCSD-SK-1
表 1 碎屑锆石晶体磨圆度的10个等级
Table 1. The ten grades of the roundness of the detrital zircon crystals
磨圆等级 磨圆度 边缘 棱角 晶体轮廓 单晶面 晶面过渡方式 1 显著棱角状 尖锐 完整 平直 清晰可见 折痕 2 棱角状 少量轻微磨圆 完整 平直 清晰可见 折痕 3 次棱角状 大多轻微磨圆 大多轻微磨圆 平直-弧度 清晰可见 折痕 4 磨圆差 大多磨圆 大多磨圆 平直-弧度 清晰可见 折痕 5 一般磨圆 磨圆 磨圆 弧度-少量平直 清晰可见 少量晶面间呈现平滑过渡 6 磨圆 显著磨圆 显著磨圆 弧度 大多清晰可见,少部分模糊 平滑过渡 7 磨圆好 某些边缘磨圆至难以分辨 某些棱角磨圆至难以分辨 浑圆 某些晶面难以识别 平滑过渡 8 磨圆优 大多数边缘磨圆至无法分辨,仅局部残留 大多数棱角磨圆至无法分辨,仅局部残留 圆 大多晶面难以识别 平滑过渡 9 准完全磨圆 大多数边缘磨圆至无法分辨,极少数残留 大多数棱角磨圆至无法分辨,极少数残留 圆 所有晶面难以识别 平滑过渡 10 完全磨圆 所有边缘磨圆至无法分辨 所有棱角磨圆至无法分辨 圆 无法识别 平滑过渡 
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