Proto-Tethys Record in Paleo-Tethys Belt of East Kunlun: Evidence from Kuhai Mafic Blocks
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摘要: 研究苦海地区是否发育原特提斯洋盆有助于揭示阿尼玛卿构造带和秦岭勉略构造带是否具有相似的演化过程，确定"秦-祁-昆"原特提斯洋的南界.产出于苦海地区的镁铁质岩构造就位于上古生界强片理化浊积岩中，显示出混杂特征.LA-ICP-MS锆石年代学研究显示该地区雪穷辉长岩块结晶年龄为610~630 Ma，雅日玄武安山岩结晶年龄约为504 Ma.微量元素和同位素地球化学分析表明，雪穷镁铁质岩浆起源于大陆岩石圈地幔，未受到地壳混染，形成于板内环境，雅日镁铁质岩浆起源于受俯冲沉积物产生的流体交代的地幔楔，源区受到一定地壳混染，形成于俯冲环境，反映秦昆结合地区存在早古生代大洋的俯冲-增生作用.结合区域资料，阿尼玛卿构造带和勉略构造带都有新元古代晚期至早古生代的大洋物质记录，表明这一时期阿尼玛卿和勉略构造带有可对比性，原特提斯洋的南界达到阿尼玛卿和勉略构造带.Abstract: The junction of the East Kunlun orogen and the West Qinling orogen is a key area for contrasting the tectonic evolution of the East Kunlun orogen with West Qinling orogen and determining the south margin of "Qinling-Qilian-Kunlun" proto-Tethys ocean. Kuhai mafic rocks, situated in the junction, were structurally placed into a Late Paleozoic foliated turbidites, indicating typical characteristics of mélange. The LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating indicates that the gabbros in Xueqiong were crystallized at 610-630 Ma, and the mafic rocks in Yari were crystallized with an age of about 504 Ma. Geochemical and isotopic studies show that Xueqiong gabbros were derived from subcontinent lithosphere mantle in a rift setting. Yari mafic rocks were derived from enrichment mantle wedge modified by subduction metasomatic fluids in subduction, representing the existence of the ocean. According to regional data analysis, the situation that proto-tethys materials mixed in paleo-tethys mélange belt may demonstrates a subduction-accretion process occurred in the junction of the East Kunlun orogen and the West Qinling orogen. From Late Neoproterozoic to the Early Palaeozoic, A'nyemaqen ocean had similar tectonic evolution with Mianlüe ocean. The margin of proto-Tethys ocean reached A'nyemaqen and Mianlüe mélange.
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Key words:
- Kuhai Group /
- mélange /
- zircon U-Pb chronology /
- geochemistry
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图 1 秦昆结合部地质简图
据闫臻等(2012)修改.新元古代晚期-早古生代岩浆年龄数据: 1.亿可哈拉尔沟花岗-英云闪长岩(边千韬等，2007); 2.得力斯坦蛇绿岩(刘战庆等, 2011a, 2011b); 3.白日切特流纹岩、花岗闪长岩(刘战庆等，2011b); 4.玛积雪山辉长岩(李王晔，2008); 5.德尔尼闪长岩(李王晔等，2007); 6.苦海辉长岩(李王晔等，2007); 7.龙通英云闪长岩(张智勇等，2005); 8.呼若合石英闪长岩(张智勇等，2005); 9.雅日花岗闪长岩(张智勇等，2005); 10.扎那和二长花岗岩(张智勇等，2005)
Fig. 1. Geological sketch map of the junctional zone of Qinling and Kunlun
图 2 苦海地区雪穷(a)和雅日(b)附近地质简图
据青海省地质调查院(2001)编兴海幅1:25万区域地质调查报告
Fig. 2. Geological sketch map of Xueqiong (a) and Yari (b) in Kuhai area
图 4 苦海地区雪穷辉长岩及雅日玄武安山岩野外照片(a~d)和正交偏光镜下照片(e~h)
a.雪穷中粒辉长岩，辉石堆晶明显，有一定的矿物定向; b.雪穷细粒辉长岩，边部片理化发育，与强变形长石杂砂岩呈构造接触; c.雅日细斑晶玄武安山岩，夹有层状凝灰岩; d.雅日粗斑晶玄武安山岩，块状构造，可见斜长石斑晶; e.雪穷细粒辉长岩，蚀变强烈，斜长石、辉石分别被绢云母、阳起石取代; f.雪穷中粒辉长岩，暗色矿物颗粒明显，有堆晶结构; g.雅日细斑晶玄武安山岩，斑晶多为斜长石，自形程度较好，基质间隐结构，有流动定向; h.雅日粗斑晶玄武安山岩，风化强烈，但可以看到斑晶自形程度较好，基质具有间粒结构.Act.阳起石; Pl.斜长石; Spn.榍石; Ep.绿帘石; Chl.绿泥石
Fig. 4. Field photos (a-d) and microphotographs (e-h) of Xueqiong gabbros and Yari basaltic andesites
图 5 雪穷中粒辉长岩(13MD08-5)锆石CL图像(a)，U-Pb谐和图、加权平均年龄(b)和锆石REE分布(c)
图c标准化值据Sun and McDonough(1989)
Fig. 5. CL images (a), zircon U-Pb concordia, weighted average age diagram (b) and zircon REE patterns (c) from the Xueqiong medium-grain gabbros (13MD08-5)
图 6 雪穷细粒辉长岩(14MD06-1)锆石CL图像(a)、U-Pb谐和图、加权平均年龄(b)、锆石REE分布图(c)
图c标准化值据Sun and McDonough(1989)
Fig. 6. CL images (a), zircon U-Pb concordia, weighted average age diagram (b) and zircon REE patterns(c) from the Xueqiong fine-grain gabbros(14MD06-1)
图 7 雅日粗斑晶玄武安山岩(13XH05-4)锆石CL图像(a)、U-Pb谐和图、加权平均年龄(b)、锆石REE分布图(c)
图c标准化值据Sun and McDonough(1989)
Fig. 7. CL images (a), zircon U-Pb concordia, weighted average age diagram (b) and zircon REE patterns (c) from the Yari basaltic andesites (13XH05-4)
图 8 苦海镁铁质岩岩石分类命名(a)和SiO2-FeOT/MgO图解(b)
图a据Winchester and Floyd(1977); 图b据Miyashiro(1975)
Fig. 8. Zr/TiO2×0.000 1-Nb/Y diagram (a) and SiO2-FeOT/MgO diagram (b) of mafic rocks in Kuhai
图 9 原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图(a, c)和球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式图(b, d)
a, b.雪穷辉长岩; c, d.雅日镁铁质岩石辉长岩.图a, c据标准化值据Sun and McDonough(1989); 图b, d据标准化值据Sun and McDonough(1989); Ethiopian裂谷数据来自Shinjo et al.(2011)
Fig. 9. Primitive mantle-normalized trace element abundances (a, c) and chondrite-normalized REE abundances (b, d)
图 10 雪穷中粒辉长岩锆石Hf同位素组成
Fig. 10. Hf isotopic compositions of zircons from Xueqiong medium-grain gabbros
图 11 苦海镁铁质岩哈克图解(a~f)和P2O5-Mg#、Nb/La-Mg#图解(g~h)
Fig. 11. Hark diagrams of Kuhai mafic blocks (a-f) and diagrams of P2O5-Mg#、Na/La-Mg# (g-h)
图 12 苦海地区镁铁质岩Sm/Yb-La/Yb图解(a)和Th/Ta-La/Yb图解(b)
图a据Su et al.(2012); 图b据Condie(1997).Ethiopian裂谷数据来自Shinjo et al.(2011).DM.亏损地幔; PM.原始地幔; PSML.后太古宙大陆下岩石圈; HIMU.高U/Pb地幔源区; EM1和EM2.富集地幔; LC.下地壳; UC.上地壳; MORB.洋中脊玄武岩; OIB.洋岛玄武岩
Fig. 12. Sm/Yb-La/Yb diagram (a) and Th/Ta-La/Yb diagram (b) of mafic rocks in Kuhai
图 13 微量元素构造环境判别图解
图a据Pearce(2008); 图b据Wood et al.(1979)，Ethiopian裂谷数据来自Shinjo et al.(2011)
Fig. 13. Trace element tectonic discriminative diagrams
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