Concentration and Spatial Distribution of REE in Geochemical Transect of Xingmeng Orogenic Belt-North China Craton
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摘要: 为研究兴蒙造山带-华北克拉通地球化学走廊带区域地球化学组成及其横向空间变化，统计分析不同地理单元和五万图幅单元的REE含量并绘制其空间分布折线图.内蒙古半干旱草原土壤中稀土含量较低，与其草原沙土的粘土矿物较少有关；江苏北部冲积平原区的土壤中稀土含量较高，与降雨量存在良好空间对应关系.内蒙古红格尔到河北张家口，土壤与岩石∑REE的比值绝大多数小于1，REE发生贫化；山东章丘到江苏连云港，比值基本大于1，REE发生富集.华北克拉通内蒙地块土壤稀土特征与兴蒙造山带相似，可能受其草原沙土景观的影响.在不同构造单元之间，LREE与HREE亏损与富集的空间分布存在细微差异.结果表明：地理景观，特别是黏土矿物是影响土壤REE含量的重要因素，降雨量与REE存在良好空间对应关系，REE自身的地球化学性质的差异在土壤形成过程中对轻重稀土元素分异具有重要影响.Abstract: In order to study the regional geochemical composition and lateral spatial variation of the geochemical belt in the North China Craton, rock and regolith samples along a transect across the Xingmeng Orogenic Belt-North China Craton were collected and 14 rare earth element (REE) concentrations were determined. Data of statistical analyses for regolith samples were based on tectonic units, geographical landscape, soil types and rainfall units, and for rock samples were based on tectonic units, rock types, and geologic age units. An average value was calculated from each 1:50 000 map sheet. The spatial distribution of REE concentrations is plotted in figures. The results show that:(1) REEs are depleted in Inner Mongolia semi-arid grassland soils due to less clay minerals in the soils, whereas REEs are enriched in the alluvial plain soils of the northern Jiangsu corresponding to the maximum rainfall zone. (2) In the transect from Honger to Zhangjiakou, REE ratio of soil to rock mostly is less than 1, indicating that the REE is leached in soils or diluted by windblown sand; in the transect from Zhangqiu to Lianyungang, the ratio is greater than 1, indicating that the soil REE are enriched in soils. (3)The REE characteristics of the Inner Mongolia block, which belong to the North China Craton, are more similar to those of the Xingmeng Orogenic Belt, affected by the semi-arid sandy soil of Inner Mongolia; The spatial distribution of LREE and HREE with depletion or enrichment in different tectonic units indicates that geochemical properties of REE affecting on the fractionation of REE in the process of soil formation.
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图 3 兴蒙造山带-华北克拉通地球化学走廊带土壤与岩石∑REE空间分布
A3.大兴安岭北段造山带; A2.大兴安岭南段造山带; A1.华北北缘造山带; B1.内蒙地块; B2.燕山造山带; B3华北盆地; B4.鲁西地块; C1.南苏鲁造山带; 地理景观：(1)半干旱草原；(2)低山丘陵；(3)冲积平原；土壤类型：ⅡB.灰钙土-棕钙土带；ⅡA.黑钙土-栗钙土-黑垆土带；ⅠC.棕壤-褐土带；降雨量：①50~200 mm；②200~400 mm；③400~800 mm；④800~1 600 mm
Fig. 3. The spatial distribution of ∑REE in regoliths and rocks on the geochemical transect of the Xingmeng Orogenic Belt-North China Craton
图 2 兴蒙造山带-华北克拉通各二级构造单元土壤稀土元素配分模式
A3.大兴安岭北段造山带; A2.大兴安岭南段造山带; A1.华北北缘造山带; B1.内蒙地块; B2.燕山造山带; B3.华北盆地; B4.鲁西地块; C1.南苏鲁造山带
Fig. 2. The REE distribution patterns of regoliths in different secondary tectonic units on the geochemical transect of the Xingmeng Orogenic Belt-North China Craton
图 4 兴蒙造山带-华北克拉通地球化学走廊带土壤/岩石比值空间分布
A3.大兴安岭北段造山带；A2.大兴安岭南段造山带；A1.华北北缘造山带；B1.内蒙地块；B2.燕山造山带；B3.华北盆地；B4.鲁西地块；C1.南苏鲁造山带；地理景观：(1)半干旱草原；(2)低山丘陵；(3)冲积平原；土壤类型：ⅡB.灰钙土-棕钙土带；ⅡA.黑钙土-栗钙土-黑垆土带；ⅠC.棕壤-褐土带；降雨量：①50~200 mm；②200~400 mm；③400~800 mm；④800~1 600 mm
Fig. 4. The spatial distribution of regolith/rocks ratio on the geochemical transect of the Xingmeng Orogenic Belt-North China Craton
图 5 兴蒙造山带-华北克拉通土壤与岩石不同构造单元配分模式对比
图例同图 4
Fig. 5. The REE distribution patterns of regoliths and rocks in different secondary tectonic units on the geochemical transect of the Xingmeng Orogenic Belt-North China Craton
表 1 兴蒙造山带-华北克拉通地球化学走廊带各二级构造单元主要岩性
Table 1. The main lithology in different secondary tectonic units on the geochemical transect of the Xingmeng Orogenic Belt-North China Craton
构造单元 主要岩性 A3 地层以泥盆系长石石英砂岩、硬砂岩和石炭系长石石英砂岩、流纹质砂砾岩、变泥岩等碎屑岩为主；岩浆岩主要为海西期碱长花岗岩、黑云二长花岗岩、安山岩以及燕山早期碱长花岗岩、流纹岩、安山岩. A2 地层以新近系长石石英砂岩等碎屑岩为主，其次发育志留系-下泥盆统温都尔庙群石英片岩、变质长石硬砂岩以及石炭系碎屑岩和白垩系长石石英砂岩、粘土岩；岩浆岩有海西期黑云花岗闪长岩和燕山期碱长花岗岩. A1 地层以温都尔庙群绢云石英片岩、绿泥片岩夹大理岩、磁铁石英岩，石炭系碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩，二叠系碎屑岩、粉砂质千枚岩以及新近纪碎屑岩等为主；岩浆岩以海西-印支期各类花岗岩及燕山期中酸性岩浆岩. B1 结晶基底由太古宇中基性麻粒岩、TTG片麻岩、变粒岩等组成，地层为早古生界白云鄂博群砂质板岩、千枚岩、长石石英砂岩及新近系粘土和砂砾等组成沉积盖层；岩浆岩为古元古代片麻状花岗岩、斜长角闪岩，海西晚期-燕山期各类中酸性岩浆岩，新近纪汉诺坝组玄武岩等. B2 结晶基底由太古宇基性-超基性麻粒岩、黑云斜长片麻岩、浅粒岩等组成，沉积盖层由中元古界青白口系、长城系、蓟县系碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩，寒武系碳酸盐岩、碎屑岩等组成，岩浆岩为古元古界片麻岩、二长花岗岩、斜长角闪岩、碱长浅粒岩，加里东期-燕山期各类中酸性岩浆岩. B3 第四系冲积物、洪积物、海积物. B4 结晶基底由太古宇基性-超基性麻粒岩、变粒岩、TTG片麻岩以及科马提岩等组成，沉积盖层由新元古界震旦系碎屑岩，古生界的碳酸盐岩、碎屑岩组成，岩浆岩主要为古元古界碱长花岗岩、二长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩，加里东期金伯利岩、印支期-燕山期中酸性岩浆岩等，规模较小. C1 地层为第四系冲积物、洪积物及白垩系碎屑岩，岩浆岩为太古宇斜长片麻岩、碱长浅粒岩，元古宇碱长片麻岩、片岩、浅粒岩、花岗闪长岩，印支期花岗闪长岩、闪长岩，燕山期碱长花岗岩、二长花岗岩等. 注：A3.大兴安岭北段造山带; A2.大兴安岭南段造山带; A1.华北北缘造山带; B1.内蒙地块; B2.燕山造山带; B3.华北盆地; B4.鲁西地块; C1.南苏鲁造山带. 
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表 2 兴蒙造山带-华北克拉通地球化学走廊带土壤稀土元素含量
Table 2. The content of REE in regoliths on the geochemical transect of the Xingmeng Orogenic Belt-North China Craton
单元 La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu 走廊带 31.90 63.20 7.45 27.65 5.13 1.09 4.37 0.70 4.07 0.79 2.28 0.37 2.36 0.38 构造单元 A3 21.00 40.57 5.07 18.78 3.54 0.78 3.15 0.50 2.97 0.60 1.82 0.30 2.03 0.35 A2 19.42 37.39 4.65 17.02 3.08 0.73 2.77 0.42 2.52 0.49 1.48 0.24 1.57 0.25 A1 19.77 38.50 4.73 16.81 3.10 0.76 2.92 0.44 2.67 0.53 1.51 0.25 1.63 0.27 B1 23.34 46.07 5.46 20.11 3.65 0.87 3.27 0.49 3.00 0.57 1.67 0.28 1.83 0.29 B2 35.95 71.10 8.40 30.79 5.59 1.23 4.84 0.76 4.33 0.84 2.41 0.39 2.44 0.39 B3 34.37 65.71 7.82 29.32 5.57 1.14 4.75 0.78 4.52 0.88 2.51 0.41 2.62 0.43 B4 34.77 70.39 8.00 29.72 5.44 1.19 4.54 0.72 4.19 0.80 2.21 0.37 2.35 0.38 C1 42.20 90.88 9.82 36.28 6.59 1.35 5.27 0.88 4.86 0.95 2.78 0.46 2.92 0.48 地理景观 (1) 20.70 40.49 5.00 18.48 3.36 0.81 2.99 0.47 2.76 0.54 1.59 0.27 1.70 0.28 (2) 34.43 66.88 7.82 29.35 5.58 1.15 4.75 0.78 4.51 0.88 2.53 0.41 2.65 0.44 (3) 36.03 71.72 8.37 30.77 5.63 1.22 4.75 0.75 4.34 0.84 2.40 0.38 2.46 0.39 土壤类型 a 20.44 39.39 4.95 18.13 3.30 0.75 2.94 0.46 2.71 0.53 1.58 0.27 1.71 0.29 b 25.12 50.72 6.00 22.34 4.09 0.91 3.65 0.55 3.36 0.64 1.84 0.31 1.93 0.30 c 35.12 69.47 8.16 29.89 5.67 1.19 4.80 0.77 4.46 0.86 2.48 0.40 2.56 0.42 降雨量 ① 20.60 40.37 4.99 18.46 3.30 0.78 2.98 0.46 2.71 0.53 1.60 0.27 1.73 0.30 ② 21.85 42.78 5.11 19.00 3.54 0.82 3.10 0.48 2.98 0.57 1.67 0.28 1.83 0.29 ③ 33.94 66.55 7.83 29.15 5.44 1.15 4.66 0.75 4.35 0.84 2.43 0.39 2.48 0.41 ④ 39.24 82.06 9.15 32.90 6.00 1.29 5.08 0.79 4.58 0.90 2.59 0.42 2.76 0.44 注：各元素单位为μg/g；A3.大兴安岭北段造山带; A2.大兴安岭南段造山带; A1.华北北缘造山带; B1.内蒙地块; B2.燕山造山带; B3.华北盆地; B4.鲁西地块; C1.苏鲁造山带；地理景观：(1)半干旱草原；(2)低山丘陵；(3)冲积平原；土壤类型：a.灰钙土-棕钙土带；b.黑钙土-栗钙土-黑垆土带；c.棕壤-褐土带；降雨量：①50~200 mm；②200~400 mm；③400~800 mm；④800~1 600 mm.
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表 3 兴蒙造山带-华北克拉通花岗岩样品数量分类统计
Table 3. The number of samples of granitoids on the geochemical transect of the Xingmeng Orogenic Belt-North China Craton
构造单元 样数 百分比 岩石类型 样数 百分比 地质时代 样数 百分比 A3 31 9.6% 碱长花岗岩 80 40.8% Mz 157 50.2% A2 5 2.1% 二长花岗岩 111 46.3% Pz2 47 15.0% A1 39 15.4% 斜长花岗岩 3 1.3% Pt3 19 6.1% B2 136 30.8% 花岗闪长岩 27 11.3% Pt1 61 19.5% B4 73 30.0% 花岗斑岩 1 0.4% Ar3 27 8.6% C1 29 12.1% 注：A3.大兴安岭北段造山带; A2.大兴安岭南段造山带; A1.华北北缘造山带; B2.燕山造山带; B4.鲁西地块; C1.南苏鲁造山带.
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表 4 兴蒙造山带-华北克拉通地球化学走廊带花岗岩类稀土元素含量
Table 4. The content of REE in granitoids on the geochemical transect of the Xingmeng Orogenic Belt-North China Craton
元素 La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu 二长花岗岩 44.74 78.94 9.54 32.18 5.00 0.88 3.62 0.53 2.84 0.52 1.57 0.25 1.70 0.25 花岗斑岩 71.89 117.59 13.83 48.74 8.35 0.62 7.28 1.15 6.05 1.11 3.11 0.50 3.32 0.49 花岗闪长岩 40.62 81.14 9.50 34.29 5.66 1.45 4.48 0.64 3.43 0.62 1.83 0.28 1.83 0.27 碱长花岗岩 38.07 69.54 8.46 29.84 5.25 0.63 4.40 0.75 4.36 0.86 2.69 0.46 3.17 0.47 斜长花岗岩 56.39 94.14 10.08 33.10 4.32 0.97 2.47 0.29 1.35 0.22 0.68 0.10 0.66 0.10 A3 27.59 63.48 7.61 29.19 6.45 0.51 6.25 1.23 7.57 1.55 4.98 0.89 6.13 0.93 A2 13.72 33.74 3.95 15.42 4.11 0.29 4.96 1.08 7.16 1.53 4.95 0.88 6.09 0.91 A1 31.38 54.48 6.69 22.80 4.03 0.58 3.48 0.59 3.41 0.67 2.09 0.36 2.55 0.38 B2 51.63 91.94 11.76 40.97 6.28 1.06 4.65 0.65 3.50 0.64 1.89 0.30 1.98 0.28 B4 40.05 69.57 7.85 25.85 3.92 0.74 2.61 0.37 1.87 0.33 0.97 0.15 1.00 0.15 C1 50.58 93.48 10.72 37.39 6.15 1.23 4.80 0.74 3.99 0.74 2.26 0.37 2.43 0.37 Mz 40.38 77.63 9.05 31.27 5.09 0.88 3.98 0.61 3.40 0.64 1.96 0.33 2.23 0.33 Pz2 24.97 51.49 5.95 21.50 4.44 0.53 4.16 0.80 4.87 0.99 3.15 0.55 3.78 0.57 Pt3 50.82 92.16 10.60 36.74 6.19 1.12 4.90 0.79 4.30 0.81 2.46 0.41 2.72 0.41 Pt1 54.76 89.85 11.93 41.29 6.33 0.97 4.57 0.64 3.35 0.61 1.80 0.29 1.88 0.28 Ar3 40.06 67.62 7.44 24.17 3.47 0.77 2.21 0.30 1.47 0.25 0.75 0.12 0.74 0.11 注：各元素单位为μg/g；A3.大兴安岭北段造山带; A2.大兴安岭南段造山带; A1.华北北缘造山带; B2.燕山造山带; B4.鲁西地块; C1.南苏鲁造山带.
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表 5 兴蒙造山带-华北克拉通地球化学走廊带土壤稀土元素参数
Table 5. The REE parameters of regoliths on the geochemical transect of the Xingmeng Orogenic Belt-North China Craton
参数 ∑REE ∑LREE ∑HREE ∑LREE/∑HREE δEu δCe (La/Yb)N (La/Sm)N (Gd/Yb)N 走廊带 153.08 136.59 15.37 8.62 0.72 0.98 8.86 3.93 1.48 构造单元 A3 101.81 89.46 11.78 7.66 0.68 0.95 7.13 3.75 1.29 A2 91.11 82.04 9.79 8.67 0.81 0.95 8.62 4.03 1.45 A1 94.98 84.17 10.19 7.96 0.77 0.96 7.88 3.93 1.37 B1 110.31 99.41 11.38 8.62 0.76 0.98 8.82 3.87 1.51 B2 170.60 154.81 16.61 9.67 0.73 1.00 10.05 3.94 1.58 B3 160.46 143.64 16.84 8.47 0.69 0.97 8.80 3.89 1.46 B4 165.22 149.75 15.43 9.28 0.71 1.01 9.66 4.02 1.52 C1 209.98 190.16 18.76 9.83 0.67 1.08 9.26 4.09 1.50 地理景观 (1) 99.85 89.37 10.61 8.25 0.77 0.96 8.18 3.88 1.41 (2) 161.68 144.21 16.88 8.49 0.68 0.97 8.78 3.89 1.46 (3) 169.32 152.95 16.35 9.48 0.72 1.00 9.88 3.98 1.55 土壤类型 a 97.44 86.93 10.55 8.06 0.77 0.95 7.86 3.89 1.35 b 124.15 109.27 12.51 8.54 0.76 0.98 8.66 3.88 1.48 c 166.21 149.45 16.73 8.83 0.69 0.98 9.06 3.95 1.49 降雨量 ① 99.12 88.32 11.73 8.01 0.76 0.95 7.94 3.87 1.36 ② 102.70 91.17 11.00 8.12 0.75 0.97 7.99 3.93 1.38 ③ 160.46 143.75 16.37 8.55 0.70 0.98 9.02 3.91 1.50 ④ 190.57 171.47 17.35 9.72 0.70 1.04 9.66 4.08 1.54 注：∑REE、∑LREE、∑HREE单位为μg/g；A3.大兴安岭北段造山带; A2.大兴安岭南段造山带; A1.华北北缘造山带; B1.内蒙地块; B2.燕山造山带; B3.华北盆地; B4.鲁西地块; C1.南苏鲁造山带；地理景观：(1)半干旱草原；(2)冲积平原；(3)低山丘陵；土壤类型：a.灰钙土-棕钙土带；b.黑钙土-栗钙土-黑垆土带；c.棕壤-褐土带；降雨量：①50~200 mm；②200~400 mm；③400~800 mm；④800~1 600 mm.
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表 6 兴蒙造山带-华北克拉通地球化学走廊带岩石稀土元素参数
Table 6. The REE parameters of rocks on the geochemical transect of the Xingmeng Orogenic Belt-North China Craton
单元 ∑REE ∑LREE ∑HREE ∑LREE/∑HREE δEu δCe (La/Yb)N (La/Sm)N (Gd/Yb)N 走廊带 140.74 126.93 12.53 9.49 0.77 0.97 10.19 2.98 1.68 构造单元 A3 142.74 123.62 22.35 5.93 0.46 1.01 4.86 2.49 1.26 A2 100.58 87.12 14.95 5.21 0.68 0.99 4.38 2.29 1.16 A1 128.39 112.67 13.64 7.86 0.72 0.96 7.63 2.80 1.44 B1 215.76 201.84 15.02 14.32 0.78 1.01 16.85 3.69 1.78 B2 158.15 144.23 13.39 10.35 0.78 0.99 11.01 3.10 1.78 B4 102.51 93.47 8.53 10.01 0.83 0.95 11.21 2.91 1.84 C1 180.02 164.93 18.09 10.15 0.65 0.98 9.41 3.20 1.48 地理景观 (1) 124.38 107.69 15.10 6.92 0.73 0.97 7.12 2.59 1.41 (2) 144.75 132.23 11.43 10.53 0.80 0.97 11.52 3.08 1.80 (3) 158.43 141.01 18.43 7.71 0.44 1.03 5.66 2.94 1.25 土壤类型 a 123.43 106.36 18.44 5.99 0.63 1.00 4.93 2.43 1.26 b 151.41 136.20 14.41 9.75 0.78 0.98 10.21 2.99 1.68 c 134.99 122.02 10.27 10.09 0.80 0.97 10.99 3.05 1.79 降雨量 ① 123.43 106.36 18.44 5.99 0.63 1.00 4.93 2.43 1.26 ② 129.32 116.65 14.13 7.70 0.72 0.97 7.61 2.85 1.42 ③ 142.16 129.24 11.72 10.52 0.84 0.98 11.42 3.05 1.82 ④ 156.75 140.89 12.30 9.31 0.71 0.96 10.15 3.03 1.71 注：表中的数值为各元素含量的中位数；∑REE、∑LREE、∑HREE单位为μg/g；A3.大兴安岭北段造山带; A2.大兴安岭南段造山带; A1.华北北缘造山带; B1.内蒙地块; B2.燕山造山带; B4.鲁西地块; C1.南苏鲁造山带；地理景观：(1)半干旱草原；(2)冲积平原；(3)低山丘陵；土壤类型：a.灰钙土-棕钙土带；b.黑钙土-栗钙土-黑垆土带；c.棕壤-褐土带；降雨量：①50~200 mm；②200~400 mm；③400~800 mm；④800~1 600 mm.
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