Differences of Hydrocarbon Accumulation Periods in Silurian of Tazhong Northern Slope, Tarim Basin
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摘要: 塔中顺托果勒地区经历了多期构造活动,使顺10和顺9井区油气成藏过程具有一定的差异性.前人采用多种技术方法对研究区志留系成藏时期进行了深入研究,但尚未达成共识.以储层成岩作用和成岩序次分析为基础,采用显微红外光谱、显微荧光、冷阴极光等手段,对储层沥青、原油和单个油包裹体进行了系统分析,并结合埋藏史投影法确定了研究区志留系柯坪塔格组顺10和顺9井区等油气充注序次和成藏时间.结果表明,顺9井区存在3期油和1期天然气充注,加里东晚期(419.6~398.1 Ma)、海西晚期(271.5~224.0 Ma)和喜山期(11.4~1.1 Ma);顺10井区可能只存在加里东晚期(419.6~408.4 Ma)和海西晚期(271.6~236.8 Ma)油充注,缺乏晚期油气充注.顺9井区3D地震剖面层位和断裂解释显示,塔中北坡NE向走滑断裂是志留系油气运移的重要输导体系,并控制了柯坪塔格组晚期油气充注,决定了该区工业油流.因此,塔中北坡志留系油气勘探的关键是寻找喜山期充注的油气藏.Abstract: Hydrocarbon accumulations of Silurian had obvious differences between shun 10 and shun 9 well blocks due to the influence of multi-cycle tectonic activity in Shuntuoguole area of Tarim basin. Researchers used a variety of technical methods to conduct an in-depth study of the Silurian accumulation period in the study area, but no consensus has yet been reached. On the basis of diagenesis and diagenetic sequences, hydrocarbon filling sequence and charging history in shun 10 and shun 9 well blocks are determined by fluid inclusion system analysis and burial history projection combined with micro FT-IR, microscopic fluorescence and cathodeluminescence analysis in this study. Results show that the shun 9 well block displays three oil-charging stages including Late Caledonian (419.6-398.1 Ma), Late Hercynian (271.5-224.0 Ma) and the Himalayan (11.4-1.1 Ma), while shun 10 well block displays only two oil-charging stages including Late Caledonian (419.6-408.4 Ma) and Late Hercynian (271.6-236.8 Ma). 3D seismic interpretation of strata section and faults in shun 9 well block shows that, NE strike-slip faults in Tazhong northern slope are important migration system for hydrocarbon migration in the Silurian, which determines the industrial oil output in this area. Hence, the key target for hydrocarbon exploration in the Silurian lies in reservoirs charged in the Himalayan.
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Key words:
- Silurian /
- micro FT-IR /
- fluid inclusion /
- bitumen /
- Tarim basin /
- petroleum geology
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图 5 顺托果勒地区柯坪塔格组成岩作用特征
a.顺904H井,5 371.73 m,正交光,×5;b1.顺901井,5 297.8~5 297.9 m,透射光;b2.顺901井,5 297.8~5 297.9 m,阴极光;c.顺903H井,5 346.5 m,阴极光;d.顺901井,5 500.75 m,扫描电镜;e.顺901井,5 296.92 m,透射光;f.顺901井,5 295.05 m,正交光,×5;g.顺903H井,5 574.35~5 574.45 m,阴极光;h.顺903H井,5 574.35~5 574.45 m,方解石交代石英
Fig. 5. Diagenesis characteristics of Kepingtage Formation in Shuntuoguole
图 6 顺托果勒地区柯坪塔格组油包裹体的典型产状
a.顺901井,5 301.44 m,石英颗粒内裂纹中发黄绿色荧光油包裹体;b.顺10井,5 692.90 m,石英颗粒内裂纹中发蓝绿色荧光油包裹体;c.顺903H井,5 346.50 m,石英颗粒次生加大边中发蓝色荧光油包裹体;d.顺904H井,5 369.06 m,穿石英颗粒裂纹中发橙色荧光油包裹体;e.顺901井,5 497.00 m,方解石胶结物中发蓝绿色荧光油包裹;f.顺901井,5 499.66 m,穿石英颗粒裂纹不发荧光纯气相天然气包裹体
Fig. 6. Fluid inclusion occurrences of Kepingtage Formation in Shuntuoguole
图 7 柯坪塔格组油包裹体和同期盐水包裹体均一温度分布直方图
由于加里东晚期-海西早期流体充注的流体来自于奥陶系和寒武系,该期充注的流体具有高温特征,注入志留系的流体温度比志留系自身温度高很多,且该期充注的油主要以高成熟度为主.在有机包裹体的荧光分析中,石英颗粒内裂纹见发蓝绿色荧光高成熟度的油和发黄绿色低成熟度的油,由此笔者推测发蓝绿色荧光油包裹体为加里东晚期-海西早期充注的油被捕获的结果.因此,该幕油包裹体的均一温度和与其伴生盐水包裹体的均一温度均应减去一个差值,根据古地温梯度和深度算出的实际地层温度和测得的盐水包裹体的均一温度(陈红汉等,2017),这个差值△T=45 ℃,文中该期油包裹体和同期盐水包裹体的均一温度均为校正后的结果
Fig. 7. Homogenization temperature histogram of oil and coeval aqueous inclusions of Kepingtage Formation
表 1 塔中北坡顺9井区原油族组成特征
Table 1. Group composition of crude oil from shun 9 well block, northern slope of middle Tarim basin
井号 样品类型 深度(m) 层位 族组分(%) 非烃+沥青质(%) 饱芳比 饱和烃 芳烃 总烃 非烃 沥青质 顺9b 原油 5 560~5 589 S1k 76.3 15.9 92.2 4.9 2.9 7.8 4.8 顺9b 油砂 5 587 S1k 63.4 16.7 80.1 9.7 10.2 19.9 3.8 顺901b 油砂 5 500 S1k 57.4 25.7 83.0 9.1 7.9 16.9 2.2 顺902Ha 油砂 5 517.1 S1k 54.8 23.0 77.8 11.2 11.1 22.2 2.4 顺904Ha 油砂 5 568.1 S1k 61.2 21.0 82.2 11.0 6.8 17.8 2.9 注:a表示数据来自马中远等(2013),b表示数据来自项目报告《塔里木盆地重点探区油气成藏地球化学研究》,中石化西北油田分公司,2012. 表 2 顺托果勒地区柯坪塔格组包裹体显微测温数据
Table 2. Homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in Kepingtage Formation of Shuntuoguole
井区 充注幕次 油包裹体均一温度(℃) 同期盐水包裹体(℃) 顺9 第一幕 10.3~38.5 41.2~68.4 第二幕 49.2~78.0 73.0~109.8 第三幕 75.3~99.4 100.5~118.5 第四幕 96.3~124.1 115.9~142.1 第四幕 纯气相包裹体 126.1~136.5 顺10 第一幕 14.4~19.8 38.5~70.6 第二幕 56.7~75.3 98.6~110.9 第三幕 74.6~93.9 102.0~115.7 表 3 顺托果勒地区志留系柯坪塔格组单个油包裹体显微荧光参数
Table 3. Micro-fluorescence parameters of individual oil inclusion in the Silurian Kepingtage Formation
井区 油包裹体荧光颜色 λmax(nm) QF-535 顺9 橙红色 642~649 3.39~6.79 橙黄色 577~589 2.04~3.72 黄绿色 520~553 1.21~2.34 蓝绿色 480~519 0.50~1.42 亮蓝色 448~469 0.47~0.60 顺10 黄绿色 518~537 1.38~2.04 蓝绿色 493~509 0.74~1.19 表 4 顺托果勒地区柯坪塔格组(S1k)单个油包裹体显微红外光谱参数和显微测温数据
Table 4. Micro FT-IR analysis and homogenization temperatures of individual oil inclusion in Kepingtage Formation of Shuntuoguole
井号 深度(m) Xinc Xstd CH2a/CH3a 油包裹体均一温度(℃) 同期盐水包裹体均一温度(℃) 充注年龄(Ma) 顺9 5 600.46 3.16 4.39 0.99 26.9 58.8 410.0 顺9 5 599.59 3.61 4.54 1.02 23.5 61.7 403.3 顺9 5 597.27 8.31 6.10 2.15 77.8 92.5 265.1 顺9 5 600.46 10.64 6.88 1.62 75.9 93.8 264.7 顺9 5 600.46 10.00 6.67 1.45 75.6 110.3 253.8 顺9 5 600.46 10.21 6.74 1.86 82.5 108.2 256.2 顺9 5 597.95 12.15 7.38 1.78 65.6 90.6 272.3 顺9 5 600.46 14.85 8.28 1.66 97.3 126.2 10.2 顺9 5 597.95 16.36 8.79 2.04 99.0 130.0 8.4 顺9 5 599.59 17.79 9.26 2.00 101.5 127.7 9.6 顺9 5 600.46 18.72 9.57 2.39 96.5 125.4 9.9 顺901 5 497.00 7.17 5.72 1.67 79.1 102.4 260.0 顺901 5 497.00 10.50 6.83 1.93 84.6 112.5 252.0 顺901 5 497.00 11.46 7.15 1.71 83.9 110.3 253.1 顺902H 5 301.62 9.94 6.65 1.62 75.4 96.5 265.4 顺902H 5 301.62 11.97 7.32 1.78 68.7 89.4 268.7 顺10 5 693.11 3.74 4.58 1.23 16.0 54.2 415.6 顺10 5 693.11 3.98 4.66 1.20 15.6 44.8 416.9 顺10 5 693.11 4.11 4.70 1.22 19.8 70.6 408.4 顺10 5 694.27 9.59 6.53 1.63 79.5 102.3 270.5 顺10 5 694.27 10.40 6.80 1.63 83.8 106.7 254.8 顺10 5 694.27 3.60 4.53 1.29 16.4 55.3 418.2 表 5 顺托果勒地区柯坪塔格组(S1k)沥青显微红外光谱数据
Table 5. Micro FT-IR parameters of bitumens in Kepingtage Formation of Shuntuoguole
井号 深度(m) 沥青产状 CH2a/CH3a Xinc Xstd ARH3000-3100/AL2800-3000 顺10 5 694.87 顺层理分布 1.66 7.25 5.75 0.11 顺10 5 689.00 顺层理分布 1.45 2.34 4.11 0.07 顺9 5 336.56 块状沥青 1.98 17.10 9.03 0.00 顺901 5 294.78 顺层理分布 3.04 0.88 3.63 0.16 顺901 5 294.78 顺层理分布 2.19 12.24 7.41 0.05 顺901 5 301.44 块状沥青 1.72 10.53 6.84 0.02 顺902H 5 517.07 块状沥青 1.71 6.78 5.59 0.04 顺902H 5 543.05 块状沥青 1.73 5.84 5.28 0.05 顺902H 5 527.28 块状沥青 1.65 9.22 6.41 0.04 顺903H 5 590.88 块状沥青 2.17 15.17 8.39 0.04 顺903H 5 346.50 顺层理分布 6.36 53.99 21.33 0.00 顺904H 5 372.18 斑点状沥青 2.00 20.36 10.12 0.00 顺904H 5 577.10 块状沥青 1.77 15.81 8.60 0.00 顺904H 5 371.45 顺层理分布 1.62 8.45 6.15 0.00 表 6 顺托果勒地区柯坪塔格组油气充注时期
Table 6. Hydrocarbon charging periods of Kepingtage Formation in Shuntuoguole
井区 充注幕次 充注年龄(Ma) 充注时期 顺9 第一幕 419.6~398.1 加里东晚期-海西早期 第二幕 271.5~255.4 海西晚期 第三幕 258.1~224.0 海西晚期 第四幕 11.4~2.2 喜山期 第四幕 11.1~1.1 喜山期 顺10 第一幕 419.6~408.4 加里东晚期-海西早期 第二幕 271.6~261.2 海西晚期 第三幕 254.8~236.8 海西晚期 -
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