西秦岭北缘秦岭杂岩变质作用:副片麻岩岩石学、相平衡模拟及其地质意义

毛小红; 张建新; 于胜尧; 李云帅; 喻星星; 路增龙; 周桂生

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2018.017

西秦岭北缘秦岭杂岩变质作用:副片麻岩岩石学、相平衡模拟及其地质意义

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.017

1.
中国地质科学院地质研究所, 北京 100037
2.
北京大学地球与空间科学学院, 北京 100871
3.
中国海洋大学海洋地球科学学院, 海底科学与探测技术教育部重点实验室, 山东青岛 266100
4.
青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室海洋地质过程与环境功能实验室, 山东青岛 266235
5.
天津大学表层地球系统科学研究院, 天津 300072

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41630207

中国地质调查局项目 DD20160022

国家自然科学基金项目 41572180

详细信息

作者简介:
毛小红(1983-), 女, 博士研究生, 主要从事构造地质学方面的研究

通讯作者:
张建新

中图分类号: P581
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-09-24
- 刊出日期: 2018-01-15

Metamorphism of Qinling Complex in Northern West Qinling Orogen: Petrology, Phase Equilibria Modelling of Paragneiss and Their Geological Implication

1.
Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
2.
School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
3.
Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques, Minstry of Education; College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
4.
Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China
5.
Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China

摘要

摘要: 造山带中的高级变质岩是研究造山带形成和演化历史的重要窗口.西秦岭北缘秦岭杂岩主要由正片麻岩、副片麻岩、少量变基性岩（基性麻粒岩）和大理岩组成.岩相学、矿物化学和相平衡模拟结果表明副片麻岩经历了3个变质演化阶段：（1）进变质阶段，以石榴子石核部包裹细粒片状黑云母和大小不等的石英为代表；（2）峰期变质阶段，矿物组合为石榴子石+斜长石+钾长石+夕线石+黑云母+金红石+石英.石榴子石变斑晶幔部成分在视剖面图上确定出峰期温压条件为T=793~803 ℃，P=8.8~9.5 kbar；（3）降温降压的退变质阶段，主要由石榴子石的最边部及后期斜长石记录.结合已有研究资料，表明西秦岭北缘秦岭杂岩可能经历了早古生代晚期与碰撞造山作用有关的变质作用与深熔作用.
- 西秦岭 /
- 秦岭杂岩 /
- 副片麻岩 /
- 变质作用 /
- 相平衡模拟 /
- 岩石学
Abstract: Studies of high-grade metamorphic rocks in an ancient orogenic belt can provide important constraints on the formation and tectonic evolution of orogen. The Qinling complex in the northern West Qinling orogen mainly consists of orogneiss, paragneiss, minor metabasite (mafic granulite) and marble. The petrography, mineral chemistry and phase equilibria modelling in this study show that paragneiss has experencied three metamorphic evolution stages. Stage 1 is the prograde stage, characterized by biotite and quartz occurring as inclusions in garnet. Stage 2 is the peak metamorphic stage, and mineral assemblage in this stage is interpreted to be garnet+sillimanite+K-feldspar+plagioclase+biotite+quartz+rutile, which formed in P-T conditions of 793-803℃ and 8.8-9.5 kbar. Stage 3 is the retrograde stage with decrease in temperature and pressure, which is recorded by garnet and plagioclase. Combining with previous data, it is suggested that the Qinling complex in the northern West Qinling orogen has experienced Early Paleozoic metamorphism and anataxis related to collision orogenesis.
- West Qinling /
- Qinling complex /
- paragneiss /
- metamorphism /
- phase equilibria modelling /
- petrology

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图 1 秦岭造山带大地构造位置简图(a), 秦岭造山带构造简图(b), 西秦岭造山带北部地质廊带图(c)

图b修改自Dong et al.(2011)；1.北祁连造山带；2.华北板块南缘；3.宽坪群；4.二郎坪群；5.秦岭杂岩；6.商丹缝合带；7.前寒武纪-古生代盖层；8.上古生界-三叠纪碎屑沉积物；9.勉略缝合带；10.大别地块；11.东西秦岭界限；12.研究区.图c修改自1:50万秦岭及邻区地质图，西安地质调查中心，2014.侵入体年龄数据裴先治等(2007a, 2012)、Zhang et al.(2006)、王婧等(2008)；中国地图据1:1亿中华人民共和国地图(审图号：GS(2016)1552号，国家测绘地理信息局监制)修改

Fig. 1. The location of the Qinling orogenic belt in the geological sketch of China (a), simplified tectonic map of the Qinling orogenic belt showing the location of the study area (b), and corridor-like geological sketch of the northern part of the West Qinling orogenic belt (c)

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图 2 西秦岭天水地区秦岭杂岩花庙地质剖面

Fig. 2. Geological section of the Qinling complex near Huamiao village in Tianshui area, West Qinling

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图 3 副片麻岩(AQ14-18-9.6)矿物组合和结构构造显微照片

a.基质中的黑云母、夕线石和云母定向排列, 石英、长石和石榴子石变斑晶被拉长, 且石榴子石边部呈港湾状, 与后期发育的黑云母组成压力影结构, 单偏光；b.石榴子石核部包裹细粒黑云母和石英, 石榴子石幔部及边部包裹细粒夕线石(照片左下角), 单偏光；c.石榴子石核部包裹细小矿物(主要为黑云母和石英), 边部包裹细粒夕线石, 单偏光；d.石榴子石边部呈港湾状, 其周围可见细小夕线石、黑云母、钾长石、斜长石及石英发育, 单偏光；e.港湾状石榴子石周围可见黑云母、钛铁矿, 单偏光；f.金红石边部发育细小钛铁矿, 指示金红石向钛铁矿的转换, 尖锐的钾长石薄膜出现在斜长石和石英之间, 指示早期熔体的存在, 背散射图像；g.石榴子石边部的晚期黑云母中包裹部分峰期矿物, 背散射图像；h.基质中可见钛铁矿和金红石, 且金红石边部转化为钛铁矿, 背散射图像

Fig. 3. Images of mineral assemblage and microstructures of sample AQ14-18-9.6 (paragneiss)

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图 4 石榴子石变斑晶EBSD图像(a)及其Fe、Mg、Ca、Mn成分剖面图(b)

Fig. 4. EBSD image (a) and compositional profile (b) of garnet porphyroblast from sample AQ14-18-9.6

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图 5 副片麻岩中石榴子石的X-ray成分图

图中线段代表图 4b中的剖面位置

Fig. 5. X-ray maps of garnet from sample AQ14-18-9.6

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图 6 副片麻岩(AQ14-18-9.6)中黑云母成分图解

a.X_Mg-Ti图解；b.Fe-Mg图解

Fig. 6. Chemical composition of biotite from sample (AQ14-18-9.6)

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图 7 副片麻岩(AQ14-18-9.6)中斜长石的An-Ab-Or图解

Fig. 7. Ternary plot of An-Ab-Or for plagioclase from sample AQ14-18-9.6 (paragneiss)

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图 8 副片麻岩(AQ14-18-9.6)相平衡计算

T-M_H₂O图(8 kbar), 黑色实线代表所限定的H₂O含量, 红色虚线为固相线, 剖面图绘制了石榴子石X(g)(如gm24)、Z(g)(如gc2.4)和斜长石An值(如an29)等值线

Fig. 8. Calculated pseudosection for sample AQ14-18-9.6

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图 9 副片麻岩(AQ14-18-9.6)样品NCKFMASHTO体系下的P-T视剖面图及其P-T轨迹

图中蓝色虚线代表夕线石-蓝晶石相变线，红色虚线为固相线；剖面图绘制了石榴子石X(g)(如gm24)、Z(g)(如gc2.4)和斜长石An值(如an29)等值线；红色填充区为确定的峰期温压范围，黑色粗虚线代表P-T轨迹

Fig. 9. P-T pseudosection and P-T path for sample AQ14-18-9.6 in the NCKFMASHTO system

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图 10 计算样品AQ14-18-9.6内主要矿物的摩尔百分含量等值线

图中的红色虚线代表固相线，蓝色虚线代表蓝晶石-夕线石相变线；红色填充区为确定的峰期温压范围，黑色粗虚线代表P-T轨迹

Fig. 10. Calculated contours in mole percentage for main minerals in sample AQ14-18-9.6

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表 1 副片麻岩(AQ14-18-9.6)中石榴子石的化学成分(%)

Table 1. Chemical composition of garnet from sample AQ14-18-9.6 (paragneiss) (%)

点位	Grt-r	Grt-r	Grt-r	Grt-r	Grt-r	Grt-c	Grt-c	Grt-c	Grt-c	Grt-c	Grt-c
SiO₂	37.96	38.43	38.10	38.54	39.37	38.73	38.65	38.67	38.91	38.49	37.86
TiO₂	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.03	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Al₂O₃	20.85	20.85	20.85	20.75	20.88	20.95	20.85	20.72	20.99	20.83	20.64
Cr₂O₃	0.05	0.06	0.05	0.02	0.04	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.08	0.05	0.03
Fe₂O₃	1.18	0.20	1.02	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	1.13	2.47
FeO	32.65	31.27	29.82	30.53	30.45	30.10	30.72	30.37	30.49	29.82	29.27
MnO	0.76	0.81	0.78	0.73	0.85	0.76	0.71	0.80	0.76	0.74	0.71
MgO	6.01	6.94	7.57	7.40	6.87	7.75	7.41	7.55	7.51	7.85	7.68
CaO	0.98	0.96	0.95	1.05	0.90	1.01	1.05	1.02	1.08	1.01	1.03
Na₂O	0.00	0.05	0.05	0.03	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.05	0.03	0.04
K₂O	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.03
Total	100.32	99.56	99.09	99.06	99.36	99.31	99.41	99.17	99.87	99.85	99.51
O	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12
Si	2.994	3.028	3.003	3.039	3.086	3.038	3.038	3.044	3.040	3.010	2.980
Ti	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.002	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Al	1.939	1.937	1.938	1.929	1.929	1.938	1.932	1.923	1.930	1.920	1.910
Cr	0.003	0.004	0.003	0.001	0.003	0.000	0.001	0.001	0.010	0.000	0.000
Fe³⁺	0.070	0.012	0.060	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.070	0.150
Fe²⁺	2.154	2.061	1.966	2.013	1.996	1.975	2.020	2.000	1.990	1.950	1.920
Mn	0.051	0.054	0.052	0.048	0.056	0.050	0.047	0.053	0.050	0.050	0.050
Mg	0.706	0.815	0.890	0.870	0.802	0.906	0.868	0.885	0.880	0.910	0.900
Ca	0.083	0.081	0.080	0.088	0.076	0.085	0.089	0.086	0.090	0.090	0.090
Na	0.000	0.008	0.007	0.005	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.003	0.010	0.010	0.010
K	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
X(g)	0.24	0.28	0.30	0.29	0.28	0.31	0.29	0.30	0.30	0.31	0.31
Z(g)	0.028	0.027	0.027	0.030	0.026	0.029	0.030	0.029	0.030	0.031	0.031
注：成分单位为质量百分含量；X(g)=Mg/(Fe²⁺+Mg+Ca)；Z(g)=Ca/(Fe²⁺+Mg+Ca)；Grt-r.石榴子石边部；Grt-c.石榴子石核部.

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表 2 副片麻岩(AQ14-18-9.6)中黑云母的化学成分(%)

Table 2. Chemical composition of biotite from sample AQ14-18-9.6 (paragneiss) (%)

点位	bt(Grt-c)	bt(Grt-c)	bt(Grt-m)	bt(Grt-r)	bt(j)	bt(j)	bt(j)	bt(Grt)	bt(Grt)	bt(Grt)
SiO₂	38.05	39.69	36.23	36.80	36.86	36.72	36.98	36.45	35.83	37.62
TiO₂	2.90	1.54	6.35	4.11	5.06	5.26	5.25	4.40	4.74	4.27
Al₂O₃	16.62	17.98	15.38	16.39	15.61	16.71	15.29	15.75	16.89	17.34
Cr₂O₃	0.13	0.05	0.07	0.08	0.05	0.07	0.06	0.09	0.15	0.18
Fe₂O₃	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
FeO	10.50	8.00	13.12	12.27	15.95	14.98	16.03	15.78	15.37	14.02
MnO	0.03	0.08	0.01	0.05	0.01	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.02	0.00
MgO	17.15	18.61	14.83	15.00	12.07	11.66	11.71	13.38	12.04	12.19
CaO	0.04	0.01	0.04	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.02	0.00
Na₂O	0.25	0.12	0.05	0.13	0.12	0.08	0.12	0.04	0.16	0.15
K₂O	9.97	9.54	9.82	10.06	10.14	9.65	10.26	9.63	10.13	9.66
Total	95.65	95.62	95.91	94.88	95.89	95.18	95.74	95.56	95.35	95.44
O	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11
Si	2.772	2.830	2.680	2.734	2.760	2.745	2.776	2.731	2.694	2.782
Ti	0.159	0.082	0.353	0.230	0.285	0.296	0.296	0.248	0.268	0.238
Al	1.427	1.512	1.341	1.435	1.378	1.472	1.353	1.391	1.498	1.512
Cr	0.008	0.003	0.004	0.005	0.003	0.004	0.003	0.005	0.009	0.010
Fe³⁺	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Fe²⁺	0.639	0.477	0.811	0.762	0.999	0.937	1.007	0.988	0.966	0.867
Mn	0.002	0.005	0.001	0.003	0.001	0.002	0.003	0.003	0.001	0.000
Mg	1.862	1.978	1.635	1.661	1.347	1.299	1.311	1.494	1.349	1.343
Ca	0.003	0.001	0.003	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.000
Na	0.035	0.016	0.008	0.018	0.018	0.012	0.017	0.006	0.023	0.022
K	0.927	0.868	0.926	0.954	0.969	0.920	0.982	0.920	0.972	0.911
注：成分单位为质量百分含量；bt(Grt-c).石榴子石核部包裹的黑云母；bt(Grt-m).石榴子石幔部包裹的黑云母；bt(Grt-r).石榴子石边部包裹的黑云母；bt(j).基质中的黑云母；bt(Grt).围绕石榴子石边部发育的黑云母.

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表 3 副片麻岩(AQ14-18-9.6)中长石的化学成分(%)

Table 3. Chemical composition of feldspar from sample AQ14-18-9.6 (paragneiss) (%)

矿物	Pl									Kfs
点位	pl(Grt)	pl(Grt)	pl(Grt)	pl(Grt)	pl(j)	pl(j)	pl(j)	pl(j)	pl(j)	kfs(Grt)	kfs(Grt)	kfs(j)
SiO₂	63.19	62.76	61.98	62.94	62.97	62.85	63.36	62.76	62.38	66.23	64.23	65.82
TiO₂	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.03	0.03	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.01
Al₂O₃	23.16	23.05	23.67	22.68	22.92	23.08	22.90	23.04	22.98	17.59	18.21	17.61
Cr₂O₃	0.00	0.48	0.05	0.04	0.00	0.05	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.00	0.00	0.01
Fe₂O₃	0.23	0.26	0.32	0.01	0.08	0.06	0.05	0.05	0.03	0.60	0.83	0.04
FeO	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
MnO	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.04	0.00
MgO	0.00	0.05	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
CaO	5.44	5.48	4.97	5.34	5.69	5.45	5.59	5.42	5.59	0.05	0.02	0.09
Na₂O	7.85	7.81	8.12	8.10	7.75	7.81	7.88	7.97	7.96	1.21	0.60	1.50
K₂O	0.05	0.09	0.37	0.11	0.11	0.32	0.08	0.11	0.13	14.38	15.72	14.42
Total	100	100	99.51	99.23	100	100	100	99	99	100	100	100
O	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	8	8
Si	2.792	2.778	2.759	2.802	2.794	2.788	2.801	2.790	2.784	3.033	2.982	3.033
Ti	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.000
Al	1.206	1.203	1.242	1.190	1.199	1.207	1.194	1.207	1.209	0.950	0.997	0.957
Cr	0.000	0.017	0.002	0.001	0.000	0.002	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.001
Fe³⁺	0.008	0.009	0.011	0.000	0.003	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.001	0.021	0.029	0.002
Fe²⁺	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Mn	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.002	0.000
Mg	0.000	0.003	0.002	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Ca	0.257	0.260	0.237	0.255	0.271	0.259	0.265	0.258	0.267	0.002	0.001	0.004
Na	0.673	0.671	0.701	0.699	0.667	0.672	0.675	0.687	0.689	0.107	0.054	0.134
K	0.003	0.005	0.021	0.006	0.006	0.018	0.005	0.006	0.007	0.840	0.931	0.848
An	0.275	0.278	0.247	0.266	0.287	0.273	0.280	0.271	0.277	-	-	-
注：成分单位为质量百分含量；An=Ca/(Na+K+Ca)；pl(Grt).围绕石榴子石边部发育的斜长石；pl(j).基质中的斜长石；kfs(Grt).围绕石榴子石边部发育的钾长石；kfs(j).基质中的钾长石.

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表 4 副片麻岩(AQ14-18-9.6)用于相平衡模拟的各组分含量(%)

Table 4. Molar proportion of oxides for mineral equilibria modelling of sample AQ14-18-9.6 (paragneiss) (%)

项目	H₂O	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	CaO	MgO	FeO	K₂O	Na₂O	TiO₂	O
M_H₂O(0)	0	78.47	7.72	1.51	3.45	4.52	1.56	2.09	0.64	0.03
M_H₂O(1)	10	70.62	6.95	1.36	3.1	4.06	1.41	1.89	0.58	0.03
P-T	2	76.9	7.57	1.48	3.38	4.43	1.53	2.05	0.63	0.03
注：成分单位为摩尔百分含量.

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