Kinematics Analysis and Formation Mechanism of Qidashan Ductile Shear Zone, Eastern Anshan, Liaoning Province, NE China
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摘要: 关于太古宙早期地壳演化构造机制的争论已经持续了数十年，其焦点主要集中于水平构造还是垂向构造两大经典构造模式的探讨.对于早期地壳构造演化方面的研究，将会有助于我们更好地理解早前寒武纪的地球动力学机制.本文对华北克拉通东北部鞍山地区花岗-绿岩带内齐大山韧性剪切带的构造变形特征进行了详细的解析，揭示了该区新太古代垂向构造作用样式.研究结果表明，齐大山韧性剪切带内花岗质岩石长英质矿物塑性拉长特征明显，条带状构造发育，面理向NWW方向陡倾，不对称组构特征和矿物拉伸线理产状指示向NWW的陡倾正滑移剪切作用.变形岩石中的长英质矿物均发育中低温显微变形特征，石英C轴电子背散射衍射（EBSD）组构分析揭示石英以菱面＜a＞和底面＜a＞滑移系为主，岩石经历了中低温非共轴变形.根据矿物的变形行为以及石英的结晶优选方位推测变形温度约为400~500℃，岩石变形特征以位错蠕变为主.有限应变分析结果表明，靠近铁矿带方向，构造岩类型由L=S构造岩过渡为LS构造岩，岩石应变强度呈明显增强趋势.运动学涡度测量结果显示齐大山韧性剪切带内大多数岩石样品的Wk值大于0.75，岩石形成于以简单剪切作用为主的一般剪切作用.对比花岗-绿岩带西侧的白家坟韧性剪切带，显示二者均具有相向的陡倾正滑移运动学特征，表明新太古代时期鞍山地区地壳构造演化模式以垂向构造作用为主.Abstract: The controversy over the Archean tectonic regimes has lasted several decades focused on the horizontal and vertical tectonics, the two classical tectonic models for Archean.Thus, more studies of the early crustal tectonic evolution are requisite for better understanding geodynamic regimes in the early Precambrian. In this study, detailed structural analysis of Qidashan down-slip ductile shear zones which developed in the eastern Anshan area was carried out and an example for revealing Neoarchean vertical tectonics is provided. The ribbon structures formed by intensely elongated felsic minerals are widespread in the deformed gneisses. The quartz C-axis fabric patterns obtained by electron backscatter diffraction technique imply low to middle temperature non-coaxial deformation with active rhomb < a > slip and basal < a > slip. Deformation behaviors of minerals and quartz crystallographic preferred orientations demonstrate that the rocks underwent mylonitization at a temperature of 400-500℃ under greenschist facies metamorphic conditions. Dislocation creep is the main rock deformation mechanism within the shear zones. Finite strain measurement results suggest that toward the iron ore belt, the tectonites change from L=S-to LS-type and the strain intensity exhibits an enhanced trend across the shear zones. Kinematic vorticity values (>0.75) indicate that the deformed rocks in ductile shear zones were produced by steady-state simple-shear dominated general shear. Compared to the Baijiafen ductile shear zone to the west, the Qidashan and Baijiafen ductile shear zones both have mutually down-slip kinematic characteristics, indicating that the Neoarchean crust growth and tectonic evolution in Anshan area is dominated by vertical tectonics.
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Key words:
- ductile shear zone /
- Archean gneiss /
- fabric analysis /
- sag duction /
- vertical tectonic /
- North China craton /
- tectonics
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图 1 鞍山东部区域地质及韧性剪切带分布图
据Li et al.(2017)
Fig. 1. Regional geological map showing the ductile shear zone in the Anshan east
图 2 齐大山韧性剪切带野外实测构造剖面图及采样位置
剖面A测量于齐大山铁矿区齐欣选矿厂；剖面B测量于胡家庙子铁矿区；具体位置见图 1
Fig. 2. Field survey and sample location of the ductile Shear zone in the Qidashan area
图 3 齐大山韧性剪切带宏观构造变形特征
所有照片均垂直于水平面，朝向S、SSW方向；a.BIFs与云母片岩呈正断层接触关系；b, c.云母片岩、云母石英片岩发育陡倾面理，不对称褶皱指示近W方向的向下剪切作用；d.齐大山花岗质片麻岩发育规则的陡倾片麻理，矿物定向拉长明显，不对称残斑指示近W方向的向下剪切作用
Fig. 3. Deformation characteristics of the Qidashan ductile shear zone
图 4 铁矿围岩鞍山群樱桃园组、齐大山花岗质片麻岩显微构造特征
a.平直的多晶石英条带；b.白云母S-C组构及晚期伸展折劈理；c.扁豆状石英集合体，石英波状消光、亚颗粒，局部可见压力影；d.微斜长石机械双晶；e.矿物塑性拉长、细粒化特征明显，斜长石机械双晶；f.石英条带环绕不对称的微斜长石残斑分布，箭头方向代表其运动学方向
Fig. 4. Microstructure characteristics of Qidashan granitic gneiss from the Yingtaoyuan Formation
图 5 Flinn有限应变判别图解(a)和Hossack图解(b)
Fig. 5. Flinn finite strain discrimination diagram (a) and Hossack diagram (b)
图 6 运动学涡度(a)剖面图、同一比例尺下显微组构特征(b)
Fig. 6. Kinematic vorticity (a) Sectional view, microstructure characteristics under the same scale (b)
图 7 研究区韧性剪切带内测试样品石英C轴组构图
Fig. 7. Lower-hemisphere projection of C-axis fabric of quartz grains measured by EBSD from the Qidashan ductile shear zone
图 8 鞍山东部花岗-绿岩带垂向构造模式及区域韧性剪切带分布(a)、白家坟韧性剪切带XZ有限应变椭圆分布(b)和齐大山韧性剪切带XZ有限应变椭圆分布(c)
图b据Li et al.(2017)
Fig. 8. Vertical tectonic model for the evolution of granite-greenstone domain and regional ductile shear zones in eastern Anshan area (a), Baijiadu ductile shear zone XZ finite strain elliptic distribution (b) and Qidashan ductile shear zone XZ finite strain elliptic distribution (c)
表 1 胡家庙子剖面B内测试样品显微组构特征
Table 1. Microstructure characteristics of analyzed samples in the Hujiamiaozi section B
岩性 样品号 矿物组合 显微变形特征 变形强度① 变形温度(℃)② 齐大
山花
岗质
片麻
岩15AS13-1 Pl+Mic+Qtz+
Mus+Bi+Ser+Epi石英：较平直的石英条带，塑性拉长，波状消光，BLG+SGR；斜长石：显微破裂，塑性拉长，条带状分布 弱 400~500 15AS13-4 Pl+Mic+Qtz+Mus+
Bi+Ser+Epi石英：较平直的石英条带，塑性拉长，波状消光，变形纹，BLG+SGR；斜长石：显微破裂，塑性拉长，条带状分布 弱 400~500 15AS13-6 Pl+Mic+Qtz+Mus+
Bi+Ser+Epi石英：较平直的石英条带，塑性拉长，波状消光，变形带，BLG+SGR；斜长石：显微破裂，塑性拉长，条带状分布 弱 400~500 15AS13-7 Pl+Mic+Qtz+Mus+
Bi+Ser+Epi石英：较平直的石英条带，塑性拉长，波状消光，变形带，BLG+SGR；长石：条带状分布，斜长石显微破裂，塑性拉长，微斜长石发育机械双晶 中等 400~500 15AS13-8 Pl+Mic+Qtz+Mus+
Bi+Ser+Epi石英：较平直的石英条带，塑性拉长，波状消光，变形带，BLG+SGR；斜长石：显微破裂，塑性拉长，条带状分布 中等 400~500 15AS13-9 Pl+Mic+Qtz+Mus+
Bi+Ser+Epi石英：石英条带，塑性拉长，波状消光，变形带，SGR；斜长石：显微破裂，塑性拉长，机械双晶 中等 420~500 云母
石英
片岩15AS13-10 Qtz+Mus+
Chl+Ser+Bi石英：石英条带，强烈塑性拉长，波状消光，BLG+SGR 强 400~500 15AS13-11 Qtz+Mus+Chl+
Ser+Bi石英：石英条带，强烈塑性拉长，波状消光，BLG+SGR 强 400~500 15AS13-12 Qtz+Mus+Chl+
Ser+Bi石英：石英条带逐渐透镜化，颗粒强烈塑性拉长，波状消光，BLG+SGR 强 400~500 15AS13-13 Qtz+Mus+
Chl+Ser+Bi石英：石英条带，透镜化且矿物细粒化特征明显，颗粒强烈塑性拉长，波状消光，变形纹，BLG+SGR 强 400~500 注：Qtz.石英；Pl.斜长石；Mic.微斜长石；Bi.黑云母；Mus.白云母；Chl.绿泥石；Ser.绢云母；Epi.绿帘石；BLG.膨凸；SGR.亚颗粒旋转；①变形强度是相对的，主要依据宏观、显微变形强弱特征以及有限应变测量结果综合判断；②变形温度是根据长石-石英的变形行为( Stipp et al., 2002 )以及石英EBSD组构特征综合判断的结果.
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表 2 研究区韧性剪切带内岩石Fry法有限应变测量结果
Table 2. Finite element strain measurement of rocks in the Qidashan ductile shear zone using Fry method
样品号 RXZ RYZ X Y Z ln(X/Y) ln(Y/Z) k γ ν Es 15AS13-1 1.51 1.17 1.25 0.97 0.83 0.26 0.16 1.62 1.46 -0.24 0.29 15AS13-4 1.24 1.10 1.12 0.99 0.90 0.12 0.10 1.26 1.23 -0.11 0.15 15AS13-6 1.27 1.10 1.14 0.98 0.89 0.14 0.10 1.51 1.25 -0.20 0.17 15AS13-7 1.78 1.26 1.36 0.96 0.76 0.35 0.23 1.49 1.67 -0.20 0.41 15AS13-8 1.90 1.29 1.41 0.96 0.74 0.39 0.25 1.52 1.76 -0.21 0.46 15AS13-9 1.96 1.30 1.44 0.95 0.73 0.41 0.26 1.56 1.81 -0.22 0.48 15AS13-10 2.05 1.20 1.52 0.89 0.74 0.54 0.18 2.94 1.91 -0.49 0.53 15AS13-11 2.16 1.19 1.58 0.87 0.73 0.60 0.17 3.43 2.01 -0.55 0.57 15AS13-12 2.38 1.14 1.71 0.82 0.72 0.74 0.13 5.62 2.23 -0.70 0.66 15AS13-13 2.32 1.17 1.66 0.84 0.72 0.68 0.16 4.36 2.15 -0.63 0.63 注：k=ln(X/Y)/ln(Y/Z)；γ=X/Y+Y/Z-1；ν=(2ε2-ε1-ε3)/(ε1-ε3)；Es={[(ε1-ε2)2+(ε2-ε3)2+(ε3-ε1)2]/3}1/2.
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表 3 研究区韧性剪切带内岩石的运动学涡度值
Table 3. Kinematic vorticity values of analyzed rocks in the Qidashan ductile shear zone
样品号 极摩尔圆法 石英条带斜交面理法 RXZ β α Wk θ Wk 15AS13-1 1.51 27 26 0.899 35 0.940 15AS13-4 1.24 26 32 0.848 31 0.883 15AS13-6 1.27 32 21 0.934 34 0.927 15AS13-7 1.78 23 31 0.857 32 0.899 15AS13-8 1.90 24 25 0.906 33 0.914 15AS13-9 1.96 27 19 0.946 36 0.951 15AS13-10 2.05 25 21 0.934 33 0.914 15AS13-11 2.16 24 23 0.921 35 0.940 15AS13-12 2.38 22 25 0.906 34 0.927 15AS13-13 2.32 24 20 0.940 37 0.961
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表 4 铁矿带东西两侧韧性剪切带对比
Table 4. Comparison of ductile shear zones on both sides of the Qidashan iron ore belt
剪切带名称 白家坟韧性剪切带
(Li et al., 2017)齐大山韧性剪切带 空间位置 花岗绿岩带西侧(花岗-绿岩接触带内) 花岗绿岩带东侧(花岗-绿岩接触带内) 岩性 斑状花岗质片麻岩、奥长花岗质片麻岩 齐大山花岗质片麻岩、鞍山群云母片岩及云母石英片岩 宏观变形 条带状构造发育，陡倾面理、线理 条带状构造发育，陡倾面理、线理 显微构造 石英波状消光，BLG+SGR重结晶等 石英波状消光，BLG+SGR重结晶等 应变类型 平面-拉伸应变 平面-拉伸应变 剪切类型 一般剪切 一般剪切 变形温度 400~500 ℃ 400~500 ℃ 运动学特征 SEE方向倾滑剪切 近W方向高角度倾滑剪切 应变特征 靠近铁矿带方向，岩石变形和应变强度越大，岩石类型从L=S型过渡为LS型构造岩
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