Evaluation and Prediction of Favorable Reservoirs in Source-to-Sink Systems of the Palaeogene, Shaleitian Uplift
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摘要: 渤海湾盆地沙垒田凸起与围区凹陷形成了典型的陆相断陷湖盆源-汇系统.基于钻井、地震、岩心及储层分析资料,刻画了沙垒田凸起及围区源-汇系统要素特征,并将源-汇系统分为断裂陡坡型、断裂缓坡型、斜坡型及断槽型4大类.不同类型源-汇系统的物源供给控制相应的沉积体系发育,从而影响其储层的成岩作用与物性特征.研究表明,沙垒田凸起围区凹陷的储层发育受源-汇系统要素耦合与成岩作用的共同控制,其中断裂缓坡带由于源区高差与汇水面积大,沿断裂坡折带分布的沉积体系与砂体规模大、范围广,砂岩成分、结构成熟度较高,埋深浅、机械压实作用较弱,次生孔隙发育,为优质储层发育的有利区,而断裂陡坡型、斜坡型及断槽源-汇系统次之.Abstract: The Shaleitian uplift and its surrounding areas in the Bohai bay basin constitute a typical Source-to-Sink (S2S) system in terrestrial rift basin. Based on the data of drilling, seismic, core, and reservoir analysis, this paper illustrates element characteristics of S2S systems in the Shaleitian uplift and its surrounding areas. The S2S systems are classified into four types, namely, faulted-steep-slope, faulted-gentle-slope, gentle-slope, and faulted-trough. Different S2S systems controlled various depositional systems, and subsequently influenced their reservoir diagenesis and properties. Research results indicate that reservoir development in sags around the Shaleitian uplift was influenced both by element coupling of the S2S systems and diagenesis. The faulted-gentle-slope was characterized by high elevation of source rocks and catchment area, which developed large scale of depositional systems and sandbodies along the fault break zones. The sandstone in this kind of S2S systems was high quality reservoirs with high maturity of component and texture, shallow buried depth, weak mechanical compaction, and abundant secondary porosity. However, other S2S systems including faulted-steep-slope, gentle-slope, and faulted-trough developed less high quality reservoirs.
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Key words:
- source-to-sink system /
- diagenesis /
- reservoir classification /
- Shaleitian uplift /
- petroleum geology /
- sedimentary
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图 8 沙垒田凸起围区沙河街组储层成岩作用特征
a.颗粒受机械压实作用呈线接触;SLT-3-1井,3 830.54 m;b.嵌晶状方解石胶结;SLT-2-1井,3 165.80 m;c.自生石英晶粒,SLT-2-1,3 281.30 m;d.绿泥石及伊/蒙混层粘土,SLT-3-1井,3 787.00 m;e.粒间溶孔,SLT-1-4D井,3 991.20 m;f.粒内溶蚀孔隙,SLT-1-1,3 673.80 m
Fig. 8. Reservoir diagenetic characteristics of the Shahejie Formation in the Shaleitian uplift and surrounding area, Bohai bay basin
表 1 渤海湾盆地沙垒田凸起围区沙河街组储层分类评价参数标准
Table 1. Reservoir classification and evaluation parameters of the Shahejie Formation in the Shaleitian uplift and surrounding area, Bohai bay basin
分类参数 物源位置 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ 沉积特征 粒度(mm) 粗砂岩、中砂岩、细砂岩 细砂岩粉细砂岩 细粉砂岩 沉积微相 辫状河三角洲内前缘
扇三角洲前缘
滨岸滩坝三角洲外前缘 前三角洲滨浅湖 物性特征 φ(%) >20 10~20 6~10 <6 K(mD) >100 1-100 0.1 ~1.0 <0.1 成岩相 长石溶蚀相剩余粒间孔相 长石溶蚀相碳酸盐胶结物溶蚀相 碳酸盐胶结相 机械压实相碳酸盐胶结相 孔隙结构 排驱压力(MPa) <0.1 0.1~0.5 0.5 ~1.5 >1.5 孔隙结构类型 大孔粗喉型 中孔中喉型 小孔微喉型 小孔微喉型 平均喉道半径(μm) >5.5 1.0-5.5 0.6-1.0 <0.6 退汞效率(%) >40 45-40 40-35 <35 储层评价 好 较好 一般 差 表 2 源-汇系统类型与储层差异对比
Table 2. Type of Source-to-Sink systems and their reservoir difference
源-汇系统 断裂活动 沉积体系 成岩作用 储层类型 断裂陡坡型 强烈
(生长指数>2)扇三角洲 压实作用与胶结作用强烈,
少量次生孔隙Ⅱ、Ⅲ类储层为主 断裂缓坡型 中等
(生长指数<2)扇三角洲/
辫状河三角洲压实作用中等,
次生孔隙发育Ⅰ类储层为主,
同时发育Ⅱ、Ⅲ类储层斜坡型 无 辫状河三角洲 胶结作用强烈,
次生孔隙较少Ⅱ、Ⅲ类储层为主,
少量Ⅳ类储层断槽型 走滑 扇三角洲 成岩作用差异较大,
次生孔隙较为发育Ⅰ类储层较少,
Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ类储层较多 -
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