Sedimentary Characteristics and Control Factors of Upper Palaeozoic in Dagang Exploration Area
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摘要: 大港探区上古生界近期取得一系列勘探突破，展现出良好的勘探前景，已成为重要的储量接替领域.但其勘探程度较低，对于沉积相类型与沉积演化认识上的欠缺制约着该层系勘探的深入和井位的部署.以沉积学理论为指导，在岩心、薄片、测井和录井等资料研究的基础上，明确了区内上古生界各组发育的沉积相类型与沉积演化过程，分析了沉积相发育的控制因素.研究表明，区内本溪组发育障壁海岸相和碳酸盐台地相，太原组发育障壁海岸相、碳酸盐台地相和湿地相，山西组发育浅水三角洲相，下石盒子组和上石盒子组发育河流相.本溪组至上石盒子组的沉积相类型反映了晚古生代海侵作用的肇始、发展、衰退的过程.构造作用、海平面变化和古气候共同控制着沉积相类型的发育.Abstract: Dagang exploration area has become an important replacement reservoir field thanks to recent break throughs in its Upper Paleozoic showing good exploration prospects. However, its exploration degree stays low because further exploration of series of strata and well deployment is restricted due to our lack of understanding of the types of sedimentary facies and sedimentary evolution. Based on sedimentology theories, study of cores, slices, well log and logging, types of sedimentary facies and evolution process of every formation in Dagang exploration area of Upper Paleozoic are determined, and the controlling factors of sedimentary facies development are analyzed in this paper. Results show that Benxi Formation in Dagang are adevelops barrier coast facies and carbonate platform facies, Taiyuan Formation develops barrier coast facies, carbonate platform facies and wet land facies, Shanxi Formation develops shallow delta facies, and lower Shihezi and upper Shihezi Formation develops fluvial facies. The type of sedimentary facies from Benxi formation to the upper Shihezi Formation reflects the start, development and decline process of transgression in late Paleozoic. Tectonism, sea level changing and paleoclimate all control the development of sedimentary facies types.
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图 2 大港探区上古生界典型沉积相类型
a.台地与潟湖相，Z1501井，本溪组；b.潮坪相，KG4井，太原组；c.潮道相，HG1井，太原组；d.障壁岛相，CH1井，太原组；e.三角洲相，GG16101井，山西组；f.曲流河相，KG1601井，下石盒子组；g.辫状河相，ZH3X1井，下石盒子组；h.阵发性河相，GG1601井，上石盒子组
Fig. 2. Typical Upper Palaeozoic sedimentary facies in Dagang exploration area
图 3 大港探区与周缘露头太原组岩性、沉积构造及露头特征
a.脉状层理，砂坪，GG16102井，2 186.04 m；b.波状层理，混合坪，GG16102井，2 191.63 m；c.透镜状层理，泥坪，KG8井，2 815.39 m；d.砂岩底部泥砾，潮道，GG16102井，2 193.53 m；e.砂岩中泥质夹层，潮道，GG16102井，2 193.33 m；f.砂岩透镜体，潮道，淄博博山剖面；g.碳质泥岩，潟湖，JH1井，2 473.69 m；h.泥岩中动物化石，潟湖，GG16102井，2 184.9 m；i.楔状层理，障壁岛，JH1井，2 777.40 m；j.障壁岛相砂岩与岛后泥坪、泥炭坪，淄博博山剖面；k.生物碎屑灰岩，开阔台地，X7井，1 281.50 m；l.泥晶灰岩，局限台地，GG16102井，2 196.62 m；m.碳酸盐岩中生物钻孔，局限台地，GG16102井，2 206.65 m；n.泥岩中含大量植物残体化石，潜育湿地，淄博博山剖面；o.砂岩中含大量煤屑，碎屑湿地河，淄博博山剖面
Fig. 3. The lithology, sedimentary structure and outcropping characteristics of the Taiyuan Formation in Dagang exploration area and peripheral outcrop
图 4 大港探区山西组岩性与沉积构造
a.砂纹交错层理，分流河道，CC1井，1 590.78 m；b.砂岩底部含泥砾，分流河道，CC1井，1 626.75 m；c.砂岩底部冲刷面，分流河道，BG1井，1 257.52 m；d.灰色泥岩中夹红色斑块，分流河道间，GG16102井，1 971.19 m；e.泥岩中含植物炭屑，分流河道间，BG1井，1 317.55 m；f.小型砂纹交错层理，分流河道，GG16102井，1 981.30 m；g.泥质细砂岩发育波纹层理，分流河道，GG16102井，1 978.63 m；h.砂泥岩薄互层，天然堤，CC1井，1 584.50 m；i.绿灰色泥岩与深灰色泥岩突变接触，二者之间发育水进冲刷面，分流河道间，GG16102，1 974.05 m；j.细砂岩与泥质细砂岩呈突变接触，分流河道，GG16102，1 980.16 m；k.细砂岩中泥质薄夹层发育，水下分流河道，GD1井，3 388.87 m；l.泥岩中夹薄层粉砂岩，分流间湾，X14井，2 790.22 m
Fig. 4. The lithology and sedimentary structure of Shanxi Formation in Dagang exploration area
图 5 大港探区下石盒子组岩性与沉积构造
a.砂岩中含泥砾，边滩，GG16102井，1 923.39 m；b.板状交错层理，边滩，GG16102井，1 911.2 m；c.砂泥岩薄互层，天然堤，GG16102井，1 923.20 m；d.杂色泥岩，泛滥平原，BG1井，1 061.03 m；e.泥岩中夹炭屑，泛滥平原，GG16102井，1 906.91 m；f.泥岩中夹动物化石，泛滥平原，GG16102井，1 907.37 m；g.砾岩，滞留沉积，CC1井，1 236.65 m；h.块状砂岩，心滩，WS1井，4 857.70 m；i.板状交错层理，河道，GG1601井，3 690.77 m；j.粉砂岩与棕红色泥岩互层，天然堤，KG1601井，1 755.01 m；k.棕红色泥岩，泛滥平原，KG1601井，1 755.67 m；l.杂色泥岩夹铁质结核，泛滥平原，KG1601井，1 755.75 m
Fig. 5. The lithology and sedimentary structure of lower Shihezi Formation in Dagang exploration area
图 6 邢台沙巴沟剖面上石盒子组河床沉积
a.砂体垂向呈反序结构，邢台沙巴沟剖面；b.多期反序砂体叠置，邢台沙巴沟剖面
Fig. 6. Upper Shihezi Formation channel fill deposit of in Shabagou profile in Xingtai
图 7 大港探区WG1井沉积综合柱状图
Fig. 7. Upper Palaeozoic sedimentary composite column of WG1 well in Dagang exploration area
图 8 大港探区上古生届沉积演化连井剖面
Fig. 8. The well-tie evolutional of sedimentary system in Upper Paleozoic, Dagang exploration area
图 9 大港探区本溪组-下石盒子组沉积相
a.本溪组沉积相；b.太原组沉积相；c.山西组沉积相；d.下石盒子组沉积相
Fig. 9. Sedimentary facies of Benxi-Lower Shihezi Formation
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