广西某地花岗岩风化壳中稀土元素特征与iREE矿床成矿机制

赵芝; 王登红; 潘华; 屈文俊

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2017.115

广西某地花岗岩风化壳中稀土元素特征与iREE矿床成矿机制

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2017.115

赵芝^1,,
王登红^1, ,,
潘华²,
屈文俊³

1.
国土资源部成矿作用与资源评价重点实验室，中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所，北京100037
2.
广西壮族自治区地质调查院，广西南宁530023
3.
国家地质实验测试中心，北京100037

基金项目:

中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金 K1506

中国地质调查局地质大调查项目 DD20160056

详细信息

作者简介:
赵芝(1984-)，女，博士，主要从事离子吸附型稀土矿床成矿理论研究

通讯作者:
王登红

中图分类号: P595
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-03-30
- 刊出日期: 2017-10-18

REE Geochemistry of a Weathering Profile in Guangxi, Southern China, and Genesis of Ion-Adsorption Type REE Deposit

Zhao Zhi^1
,,
Wang Denghong^{1
, ,},
Pan Hua²,
Qu Wenjun³

1.
Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Resource Assessment of Ministry of Land and Resources (MLR), Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing100037, China
2.
Guangxi Geological Survey, Nanning530023, China
3.
National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Beijing100037, China

摘要

摘要: 为了解风化壳中离子交换相稀土元素的特征，对广西某地花岗岩风化壳剖面样品进行了X射线衍射及主量、稀土元素地球化学特征的研究.剖面自上而下可划分为腐殖土层(A₁)、亚粘土层(A₂)、网纹状风化层(B₁)和全风化层(B₂)；自A₁至B₂，粘土矿物的含量和化学风化蚀变指数快速降低；与母岩相比A₁、A₂、B₁中全相Ce、Nd和HREE相对富集，B₂中全相稀土与母岩特征相似，所有样品的离子交换相HREE亏损，Y相对富集；离子交换相轻、重稀土一起富集在B₂中.据此推测，花岗岩中褐帘石、榍石等易风化的稀土矿物为离子交换相稀土提供了主要的物源，锆石、磷钇矿等难风化的稀土矿物的残留及表生稀土矿物的形成使全相HREE相对富集；离子交换相轻、重稀土元素的分馏程度随风化程度的增加而变化.
- 风化壳剖面 /
- 稀土元素 /
- 离子交换相稀土 /
- 风化程度 /
- 花岗岩 /
- 地球化学
Abstract: X-ray diffraction (XRD), major and rare earth elements (REEs) geochemical characteristics of samples in a weathering profile from Guangxi were studied in order to reveal the geochemical behaviors of REEs during weathering. The profile can be divided into four layers from surface downwards: the humic layer (A₁), the sub-clay layer(A₂), the net-veined weathered layer (B₁), and the completely weathered layer (B₂). Clay minerals and chemical indexes of alteration (CIA) rapidly decrease from top to bottom. Samples from A₁, A₂ and B₁ are enriched in Ce, Nd and heavy REE relative to their parent rocks. All samples are depleted in ion-exchangeable heavy REE and are relatively enriched in Y. Ion-exchangeable light and heavy REEs are enriched in the completely weathered layer. The ion-exchangeable REEs in the weathered granite are sourced mainly from labile REE-bearing minerals, such as allanite and titanate. The enrichment of heavy REE in samples from A₁, A₂ and B₁ may have been caused by the residual zircon and xenotime, or the formation of supergene mineral, such as churchite-Y. The degree of weathering of granite leads to the change of the fractional degree of ion-exchangeable light and heavy REE.
- weathering profile /
- rare earth element /
- ion-exchangeable REE /
- weathering degree /
- granite /
- geochemistry

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图 1 研究区花岗岩体地质简图

Fig. 1. Simplified geological map of the studied granite in Guangxi Province

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图 2 花岗岩风化壳剖面(a)及样品分布示意(b)

A₁.腐殖土层；A₂.亚粘土层；B₁.网纹状风化层；B₂.全风化层

Fig. 2. Photo of the studied weathering profile in Guangxi Province (a) and map showing the distribution of samples (b)

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图 3 风化壳剖面中代表性样品的照片及矿物组合

Fig. 3. Photo of the representative weathered granite samples and evolution of minerals within the studied samples

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图 4 风化壳剖面中CIA、REE、LREE及HREE变化特征

A₁.腐殖土层(DZ-1df)；A₂.亚粘土层(DZ-2S, 3S, 4样品稀土数据均值)；B₁.网纹状风化层(DZ-2Z, 3Z, 4Z样品稀土数据均值)；B₂.全风化层(DZ-3X, 4X, 5X样品稀土数据均值)

Fig. 4. Evolution of CIA, REE, LREE and HREE within the studied weathering profile

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图 5 风化壳样品的球粒陨石标准化稀土配分曲线

左侧为全相稀土，右侧为离子交换相稀土；球粒陨石数据引自Taylor and McLennan(1985)

Fig. 5. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the weathered granite samples

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表 1 代表性风化壳样品的XRD分析结果

Table 1. XRD analysis of the representative weathered granite samples

样号	层位	深度 (m)	矿物含量(%)
样号	层位	深度 (m)	粘土含量	石英	钾长石	斜长石	方解石	白云石	菱铁矿	黄铁矿	赤铁矿	菱锰矿	硬石膏	方沸石	辉石	角闪石
DZ-3S	亚粘土层	3	84.1	15.9	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/
DZ-3Z	网纹状风化层	6	50.5	21.1	28.4	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/
DZ-4X	全风化层	11	32.4	19.5	48.1	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/

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表 2 代表性样品的粘土矿物XRD分析结果

Table 2. XRD analysis of the representative clay samples

样号	层位	深度 (m)	粘土矿物相对百分含量(%)						混层比
样号	层位	深度 (m)	蒙皂石	伊蒙混层	绿蒙混层	伊利石	高岭石	绿泥石	混层比
DZ-3S	亚粘土层	3	/	/	/	2	98	/	/
DZ-3Z	网纹状风化层	6	/	/	/	8	92	/	/
DZ-4X	全风化层	11	/	/	/	4	96	/	/

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表 3 风化壳样品的主量元素测试结果(%)

Table 3. Major element compositions of the weathered granite samples (%)

样号	层位	深度(m)	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	CaO	Fe₂O₃	FeO	K₂O	MgO	MnO	Na₂O	P₂O₅	TiO₂	CO₂	H₂O⁺	LOI	CIA
DZ-1df	A₁	0.5	73.21	14.56	0.02	0.71	2.37	0.13	0.10	0.02	＜0.01	0.02	0.23	0.35	6.13	8.41	98.9
DZ-1S	A₁		78.32	13.00	0.02	2.03	1.08	0.15	0.09	0.03	＜0.01	0.01	0.21	0.10	5.20	5.22	98.6
DZ-2S	A₂		74.01	17.32	0.02	0.74	0.90	0.34	0.13	0.03	＜0.01	0.01	0.28	0.10	6.74	6.45	97.8
DZ-3S	A₂	3.0	74.24	16.33	0.02	1.35	1.08	0.31	0.11	0.03	＜0.01	0.01	0.26	0.10	6.52	6.22	97.9
DZ-4S	A₂		70.44	18.45	0.02	2.08	0.90	0.38	0.14	0.05	＜0.01	0.01	0.32	0.10	7.48	7.07	97.7
DZ-5S	A₁		69.70	18.12	0.02	2.44	1.04	0.25	0.14	0.03	＜0.01	0.01	0.29	0.12	7.38	7.12	98.4
DZ-1Z	A₂		73.95	16.54	0.02	1.15	1.37	0.29	0.11	0.03	＜0.01	0.01	0.27	0.10	6.66	6.58	98.0
DZ-2Z	B₁		77.68	14.31	0.02	0.29	1.62	0.30	0.11	0.10	＜0.01	0.01	0.20	0.10	5.76	5.58	97.7
DZ-3Z	B₁	6.0	72.79	16.22	0.03	1.30	1.76	1.68	0.13	0.07	＜0.01	0.01	0.29	0.09	5.82	5.90	89.8
DZ-4Z	B₁		73.60	16.28	0.02	1.04	1.69	0.63	0.16	0.23	＜0.01	0.01	0.27	0.09	6.36	6.02	95.9
DZ-5Z	A₂		73.80	15.96	0.02	2.45	0.68	0.21	0.10	0.04	＜0.01	0.01	0.28	0.12	6.58	6.30	98.5
DZ-1X	A₂		76.45	14.18	0.02	2.01	0.61	0.41	0.15	0.03	＜0.01	0.01	0.23	0.10	5.94	5.60	96.9
DZ-2X	B₁		75.49	16.43	0.02	0.37	0.61	0.44	0.13	0.02	＜0.01	0.01	0.29	0.10	6.38	6.34	97.1
DZ-3X	B₂		75.30	13.78	0.03	1.30	0.90	4.99	0.11	0.05	0.06	0.01	0.25	0.10	3.42	3.32	71.3
DZ-4X	B₂	11.0	73.08	14.51	0.03	1.70	1.01	5.08	0.09	0.10	0.06	0.01	0.27	0.10	3.70	3.57	72.0
DZ-5X	B₂		74.87	14.07	0.02	2.04	0.40	4.13	0.12	0.16	0.01	0.01	0.23	0.12	3.94	3.87	75.8
DZ-6X	A₂		70.75	17.11	0.02	3.61	0.72	0.33	0.11	0.07	＜0.01	0.02	0.28	0.15	7.14	7.18	97.9
花岗岩		30.0	73.52	12.53	1.26	0.57	2.71	4.81	0.36	0.05	2.95	0.06	0.33			0.55
注：花岗岩主量元素数据为21件样品的均值，岩石类型有粗粒、中粗粒及细粒黑云母花岗岩，引自前人保密文献.花岗岩的深度30 m是根据区域上风化壳厚度为20~30 m而假定的.

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表 4 风化壳样品中全相稀土元素分析测试结果(10^-6)

Table 4. Rare earth element compositions of the weathered granite samples (10^-6)

样号	层位	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu	Y	Sc	REE	LREE/HREE
DZ-1df	A₁	5.71	62.7	1.09	5.80	0.98	0.17	0.98	0.27	2.26	0.60	2.21	0.34	2.33	0.35	16.3	7.84	102	3.0
DZ-1S	A₁	4.56	129	0.77	6.83	0.67	0.16	0.88	0.24	2.11	0.56	2.08	0.33	2.35	0.37	15.2	9.46	166	5.9
DZ-2S	A₂	7.34	86.9	1.33	8.39	1.10	0.24	0.94	0.21	1.73	0.46	1.89	0.32	2.35	0.37	13.4	6.57	127	4.9
DZ-3S	A₂	5.55	109	0.97	7.03	0.87	0.22	0.81	0.22	1.80	0.48	1.88	0.31	2.32	0.36	13.6	6.16	145	5.7
DZ-4S	A₂	6.60	174	1.30	10.8	1.18	0.24	1.25	0.32	2.71	0.73	2.92	0.48	3.58	0.55	20.4	9.76	227	5.9
DZ-5S	A₁	7.27	191	1.28	12.1	0.99	0.19	1.08	0.32	2.69	0.71	2.62	0.42	2.94	0.44	20.1	8.88	244	6.8
DZ-1Z	A₂	5.27	114	0.93	6.86	0.74	0.17	0.70	0.19	1.57	0.43	1.70	0.29	2.08	0.32	11.9	7.63	147	6.7
DZ-2Z	B₁	9.53	285	2.21	22.5	1.87	0.25	1.36	0.35	2.83	0.67	2.46	0.42	3.12	0.48	17.0	5.82	350	11.2
DZ-3Z	B₁	28.4	116	9.56	42.8	5.54	0.59	2.25	0.42	3.01	0.70	2.69	0.39	2.80	0.43	18.2	6.24	234	6.6
DZ-4Z	B₁	13.0	426	3.90	36.7	3.24	0.46	2.11	0.51	3.68	0.90	3.34	0.54	3.93	0.61	24.5	9.42	523	12.0
DZ-5Z	A₂	10.0	142	1.67	11.3	1.14	0.24	1.14	0.25	2.10	0.55	2.12	0.35	2.42	0.36	16.1	6.95	192	6.6
DZ-1X	A₂	10.8	151	2.14	12.9	1.92	0.26	2.10	0.53	4.31	1.08	3.74	0.59	3.91	0.59	31.2	8.39	227	3.7
DZ-2X	B₁	37.5	33.7	10.2	40.4	5.98	0.59	3.16	0.68	5.24	1.26	4.41	0.65	4.40	0.66	34.4	5.02	183	2.3
DZ-3X	B₂	101	24.8	25.8	102	28.5	3.93	30.0	4.61	26.3	5.08	15.2	1.95	12.5	1.83	136	5.59	520	1.2
DZ-4X	B₂	126	147	31.2	124	31.7	4.24	31.9	4.99	28.3	5.33	15.6	2.00	12.6	1.83	147	5.29	715	1.9
DZ-5X	B₂	98.3	143	24.4	100	25.2	3.35	23.4	3.58	20.2	3.83	11.7	1.49	9.73	1.42	102	4.84	572	2.2
DZ-6X	A₂	12.4	226	2.99	21.8	2.30	0.29	1.76	0.36	2.63	0.61	2.27	0.36	2.53	0.39	16.7	9.18	294	9.6
LC-JY	花岗岩	56.1	93.1	13.2	41.7	12.1	1.1	8.3	1.5	7.8	1.8	6.4	0.7	6.2	0.6	48.7		299.4	3.0
注：LC-JY为4件中粗粒花岗岩样品均值，数据引自前人保密文献.

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表 5 风化壳样品中离子交换相稀土元素分析测试结果(10^-6)

Table 5. Ion-exchangeable rare earth element compositions of the weathered granite samples (10^-6)

样号	层位	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu	Y	Sc	REE
DZ-1df	A₁	0.32	6.11	0.04	0.07	0.02	-0.01	0.01	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.14	0.46	7
DZ-1S	A₁	0.34	14.34	0.04	0.10	0.01	0.00	0.03	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.09	0.30	15
DZ-2S	A₂	1.53	17.27	0.24	0.78	0.16	0.02	0.13	0.02	0.09	0.02	0.05	0.01	0.03	0.01	0.52	0.43	21
DZ-3S	A₂	0.83	22.27	0.12	0.34	0.07	0.01	0.10	0.01	0.05	0.01	0.03	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.34	0.39	24
DZ-4S	A₂	0.93	15.77	0.14	0.51	0.10	0.01	0.10	0.01	0.06	0.01	0.03	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.35	0.40	18
DZ-5S	A₁	1.13	45.15	0.19	0.78	0.11	0.01	0.16	0.02	0.07	0.01	0.03	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.36	0.49	48
DZ-1Z	A₂	1.30	21.55	0.24	0.42	0.11	0.01	0.10	0.02	0.05	0.01	0.02	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.43	0.65	24
DZ-2Z	B₁	1.51	11.02	0.35	1.13	0.17	0.02	0.16	0.02	0.11	0.02	0.07	0.01	0.03	0.01	0.71	0.42	15
DZ-3Z	B₁	11.30	5.47	1.95	6.84	0.52	0.04	0.40	0.02	0.11	0.01	0.07	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.48	0.34	27
DZ-4Z	B₁	3.35	18.77	0.85	3.21	0.46	0.05	0.40	0.05	0.21	0.04	0.14	0.02	0.08	0.01	1.14	0.28	29
DZ-5Z	A₂	1.16	30.11	0.16	0.59	0.06	0.00	0.09	0.01	0.04	0.01	0.02	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.26	0.28	33
DZ-1X	A₂	2.58	12.75	0.33	1.06	0.12	0.00	0.12	0.01	0.06	0.01	0.03	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.52	0.35	18
DZ-2X	B₁	13.89	7.27	3.46	12.75	1.51	0.11	1.02	0.07	0.40	0.07	0.26	0.02	0.11	0.02	1.98	0.19	43
DZ-3X	B₂	64.97	0.78	7.65	23.77	3.62	0.40	4.86	0.39	1.92	0.32	0.83	0.06	0.34	0.05	12.94	0.42	123
DZ-4X	B₂	25.65	0.62	2.37	7.16	0.98	0.10	1.44	0.11	0.55	0.10	0.23	0.02	0.10	0.02	4.25	0.26	44
DZ-5X	B₂	122.44	2.41	16.93	56.29	8.76	0.99	10.50	0.85	4.06	0.65	1.82	0.13	0.72	0.09	25.84	0.24	253
DZ-6X	A₂	4.12	9.28	0.66	2.06	0.26	0.03	0.29	0.03	0.10	0.02	0.06	0.01	0.03	0.01	0.92	0.46	18
CS1-a	监控样	204.30	2.81	28.79	91.88	20.11	5.26	34.85	5.10	30.66	6.54	18.51	2.10	11.37	2.09	368.80	0.01	464
CS1-b	监控样	202.60	2.83	28.11	90.46	19.56	5.04	34.18	4.99	29.76	6.38	17.46	1.99	10.67	1.96	360.80	0.01	456
CS2-a	监控样	30.80	15.27	7.43	25.22	4.76	0.73	2.63	0.30	1.64	0.32	0.97	0.12	0.77	0.11	7.87	0.06	91
CS2-b	监控样	33.07	16.30	8.00	27.66	5.14	0.79	2.76	0.32	1.81	0.35	1.07	0.13	0.84	0.12	8.55	0.07	98
FY1-a	重复样	96.25	16.72	22.07	80.37	17.62	3.30	25.11	4.39	26.88	5.12	13.50	1.73	9.48	1.42	211.20	0.01	324
FY1-b	重复样	97.74	17.02	22.33	83.02	17.82	3.31	25.62	4.44	27.21	5.21	13.58	1.74	8.91	1.42	214.60	0.01	329
FY2-a	重复样	393.10	43.27	86.38	302.20	62.41	9.57	60.41	8.73	53.24	10.83	31.21	4.01	25.04	3.65	514.80	0.04	1 094
FY2-b	重复样	396.30	42.93	86.78	301.90	63.04	9.70	59.98	8.82	54.23	10.93	31.58	4.06	25.52	3.74	528.50	0.04	1 099

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