Micro-Pore Characteristics and Recoverability of Tight Oil Reservoirs
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摘要: 致密油储层主要包括致密灰岩和致密砂岩，两者微观特征差异明显.但目前针对致密灰岩和致密砂岩的对比研究相对较少，因此开展致密油藏不同岩性微观孔隙结构特征及可动用性研究具有十分重要的意义.利用低温氮吸附比表面、核磁共振、压汞等方法，从纳米级、亚微米级、微米级孔隙等不同尺度表征了致密灰岩和致密砂岩孔隙结构差异，分析了不同孔隙对渗透率的贡献和对流体赋存的影响，研究了启动压力梯度的差异和喉道对启动压力梯度的影响.以川中灰岩和长庆砂岩为例，结果表明渗透率大于0.01 mD储层具备开发潜力，致密灰岩中的亚微米和微米级孔隙是重要的储集和流动空间，致密砂岩中微米级孔隙是重要的储集和流动空间.基于微观实验分析和低渗透油藏评价方法，提出了致密油藏分级评价参数，并给出了分级评价界限，对确定致密油藏攻关目标和优选区块新建产能意义重大.Abstract: Tight oil reservoirs mainly include tight limestone and tight sandstone, and there are significant differences in their microscopic characteristics. However, there are relatively fewer comparative studies on tight limestone and tight sandstone, so it is very important to study micro-pore characteristics and recoverability of different lithology tight oil reservoirs. By combining cryogenic nitrogen adsorption surface area, nuclear magnetic resonance and high pressure mercury technology, this paper comprehensively described the pore structure differences between tight limestone and tight sandstone from various scales including nano scale, submicron scale and micro scale, analyzed the effect of pores at different scales on permeability and fluid occurrence state, and studied the difference of the starting pressure gradient and the effect of throat on the starting pressure gradient. Taking the central Sichuan limestone and Changqing sandstone as an example, the results show that the tight oil reservoirs have development potential with permeability of more than 0.01 mD, in tight limestone, the submicron and micron scale pores are important reservoir and flow spaces, and in tight sandstone the micron scale pores are important reservoir and flow spaces, which are key to effective development. Based on numerous microscopic experimental analysis and low permeability reservoir evaluation methods, 8 grading evaluation parameters of tight reservoir were proposed and grading evaluation boundaries were determined, which is of great significance to determine the target of tight reservoirs and select the preferred blocks to build capacity.
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Key words:
- tight reservoir /
- pore characteristics /
- occurrence state /
- movable fluid /
- recoverability /
- petroleum geology
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图 2 致密岩心渗透率与可动流体百分数关系
Fig. 2. Relationship between permeability and movable fluid percentage of tight cores
图 3 致密岩心孔隙度与可动流体百分数关系
Fig. 3. Relationship between porosity and movable fluid percentage of tight cores
图 4 致密灰岩不同喉道的可动流体份额
Fig. 4. Movable fluid share of different throats in tight limestone
图 5 致密砂岩不同喉道的可动流体份额
Fig. 5. Movable fluid share of different throats in tight sandstone
图 6 致密灰岩和致密砂岩启动压力梯度对比
Fig. 6. Comparison of starting pressure gradient between tight limestone and tight sandstone
图 7 致密灰岩和致密砂岩不同级别渗透率岩心喉道分布
Fig. 7. Different levels of permeability core throat distribution of tight limestone and tight sandstone
表 1 33块岩心微观孔隙结构测试结果
Table 1. Micro pore structure measurement results of 33 cores
岩性 渗透率(mD) 纳米级r≤0.1 μm 亚微米0.1＜r≤1.0 μm 微米级r＞1.0 μm 控制体积比例
(%)渗透率贡献比例
(%)控制体积比例
(%)渗透率贡献比例
(%)控制体积比例
(%)渗透率贡献比例
(%)致密灰岩 小于0.01 80.62 21.85 19.31 76.56 0.07 1.59 0.01~0.1 66.76 8.35 31.89 68.16 1.35 23.49 0.1~1 71.75 0.31 22.09 22.96 6.17 76.74 致密砂岩 小于0.01 84.85 33.03 15.15 66.97 0.00 0.00 0.01~0.1 62.37 24.50 37.57 73.68 0.05 1.82 0.1~1 27.13 1.06 72.73 97.41 0.14 1.53 
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表 2 致密油储层特征参数及分类界限
Table 2. Characteristic parameters and classification boundaries of tight oil reservoirs
类别 渗透率
(mD)r＞0.1 μm
大孔隙比例(%)r＞0.1 μm
渗透率贡献(%)可动流体百分数
(%)启动压力梯度
(MPa/m)原油粘度
(mPa·s)岩石脆性指数 压力系数 一类 0.1~1 ＞40 ＞90 ＞40 ＜0.5 ＜2 ＞60 ＞1.1 二类 0.01~0.1 20~40 80~90 20~40 0.5~1 2~5 20~40 0.9~1.1 三类 ＜0.01 ＜20 ＜80 ＜20 ＞1 ＞5 ＜40 ＜0.9 备注 储层宏观流动能力 大孔隙储集能力 大孔隙流动能力 大孔隙供给能力 储层流动阻力 流体流动能力 缝网重要条件 能量是否充足
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