Relationship Differences and Causes between Porosity and Organic Carbon in Black Shales of the Lower Cambrian and the Lower Silurian in Yangtze Area
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摘要: 下寒武统牛蹄塘组与下志留统龙马溪组页岩是扬子地区发育的两套富有机质黑色页岩，由于其分布面积广、厚度大、有机质丰度高而成为页岩气勘探的重点层位.然而牛蹄塘组孔隙度表现出了与龙马溪组截然不同的规律，两套页岩的孔隙结构、有机碳含量、密度也存在显著差异.结合测井、埋深（上覆压力）、孔隙度、有机碳及成熟度测试数据进行了对比分析.结果显示，牛蹄塘组过高的有机碳含量和热演化程度严重影响了页岩的孔隙结构，使有机质碳化，有机质孔发生坍塌和充填；牛蹄塘组埋深大、上覆压力也大，导致无机孔被压实，因此其总孔隙度明显小于龙马溪组.Abstract: The black shales in lower Cambrian Niutitang and lower Silurian Longmaxi develop well in Yangtze area, which are the key horizons for shale gas exploration because of its wide distribution, large thickness, high organic matter abundance. The porosity of Niutitang Formation shows a distinct difference from Longmaxi Formation. There are also significant differences in the pore structure, organic carbon content and density of the two sets of shales. Based on the logging data, buried depth (overlying pressure), porosity, organic carbon and maturity test data, comparative analysis is conducted. Results show that pore structure has been affected by the high degree of thermal evolution and organic carbon of Niutitang Formation. Organic matter is carbonized, organic porosity is collapsed and filled. The depth of Niutitang Formation is deep and the overburden pressure is also large, causing the inorganic porosity to be compacted. These factors make the porosity of Niutitang Formation obviously less than Longmaxi Formation.
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Key words:
- shale /
- porosity /
- organic carbon /
- maturity /
- Longmaxi Formation /
- Niutitang Formation /
- petroleum geology
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图 2 下寒武统(a)与下志留统(b)的海相页岩沉积模式
Fig. 2. Marine shale depositional pattern of the lower Cambrian(a) and the lower Silurian(b)
图 3 Marcellus页岩(a)和龙马溪组、牛蹄塘组页岩(b)的有机碳含量与孔隙度关系
Fig. 3. The relations of organic carbon content and porosity of Marcellus shale (a) and Longmaxi-Niutitang shales (b)
图 4 各井有机碳含量与密度交汇图
Fig. 4. Intersection figure of organic carbon content and density of different wells
图 5 孔隙度、埋深与成熟度关系
a.孔隙度与埋深关系；b.孔隙度与成熟度关系；c.在不同有机碳含量条件下孔隙度与成熟度关系，其中l1的条件为有机碳含量为2.0%、最大孔隙度为1.68%，l2的条件为有机碳含量为3.0%、最大孔隙度为2.50%，l3的条件为有机碳含量为4.0%、最大孔隙度为3.35%，l4的条件为有机碳含量为5.0%、最大孔隙度为4.20%，l5的条件为有机碳含量为6.0%、最大孔隙度为5.00%
Fig. 5. The relations of porosity, depth and maturity
图 6 宣城地区牛蹄塘组页岩电阻率与有机碳含量、粘土矿物含量的关系
Fig. 6. The relation between resistivity and organic carbon content (a), and the relation between resistivity and clay mineral content (b) of Niutitang shale in Xucheng area
图 7 扬子地区下志留统和下寒武统页岩有机碳含量直方图
Fig. 7. The histogram of organic carbon content in lower Cambrian and lower Silurian shales in Yangtze area
图 9 牛蹄塘组与龙马溪组页岩不同孔径体积直方图
Fig. 9. The histogram of different aperture size of the Niutitang-Longmaxi shales
图 10 威远地区龙马溪组(a)与牛蹄塘组(b)页岩有机质孔隙微观特征对比
a.Ro＞3.0%，有机质孔隙形态轮廓清晰，面孔率为11.9%~23.9%；b.Ro＞3.0%，有基质孔隙部分出现坍塌且边界模糊，面孔率为4.6%~10.6%；据邹才能等(2010)和王道富等(2013)
Fig. 10. Comparison of microscopic characteristics of organic porosity between Niutitang Formation and Longmaxi Formation in Weiyuan area
表 1 宣页A井牛蹄塘组页岩岩矿与电阻率统计
Table 1. The statistics of resistivity and mineral contents of Niutitang shale in well XY A
页岩井段
(m)厚度
(m)样品数 TOC
(%)矿物含量(%) 电阻率
(Ω·m)石英 斜长石 方解石 黄铁矿 粘土矿物 2 600~2 688 88 15 1.43~2.20 28~44 3.1~10.3 4.3~17.1 0.0~2.1 25~43 231.0~652.0 2 688~2 708 20 19 2.41~3.14 32~46 2.2~10.0 3.9~19.7 0.0~3.2 27~44 76.0~187.0 2 708~2 728 20 20 2.87~3.66 36~52 5.7~12.4 2.3~13.9 0.0~5.7 19~40 0.2~6.5 2 728~2 748 20 19 3.42~7.25 35~79 1.2~11.6 0.0~18.5 0.0~7.1 17~38 0.1~2.1 
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