Susceptibility, Geochemical Characteristics and Tectonic Significance of Volcanics of North Yellow Sea Basin from Pre-Mesozoic to Mesozoic
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摘要: 北黄海盆地内多口钻井钻遇到前中生代和中生代火成岩，证实了盆地中生代经历的多期构造活动伴随着多期次火成岩的发育.对北黄海盆地X1和X2井火山岩进行了岩石学鉴定、磁化率和密度测试、主量元素、ICP-MS微量和稀土元素测试，研究表明：X1井前中生代碱玄岩和粗面玄武岩属于弱磁性((131.5~138.5)(4π×10-6))、中密度岩石，X2井中生代英安岩(下层) 和含角砾英安岩(上层) 属于微弱磁性((27.5~82.5)(4π×10-6))、中密度岩石；X1井碱玄岩属于高钾钙碱性系列，粗面玄武岩属于钙碱性系列，2种火山岩表现为ΣREE较高(108.11×10-6~208.02×10-6)、轻稀土富集(LREE/HREE=4.04~6.91)、δEu有微弱异常(0.99~1.18)；X2井2层火山岩属于钙碱性系列，均表现为ΣREE较低、轻稀土富集、δEu有微弱异常，微量元素具有Ba、U、Sr富集和Nb、Ta亏损的特征，而且(Rb/Sr)N、(La/Nb)N和(Ba/Nb)N的比值均高于原始地幔值，反映岩浆源于地壳熔融.北黄海盆地前中生代火山岩形成于板内构造背景，中生代火山岩可能形成于板块俯冲的弧后伸展环境.Abstract: The multiple Mesozoic and Mesozoic igneous rocks in the well drilling in the North Yellow Sea basin confirm the multi-stage tectonic activity experienced by the Mesozoic has been accompanied by the development of multi-stage igneous rocks. A petrology study is carried out on magnetic susceptibility, density, main elements, ICP-MS trace elements and rare earth elements of the volcanics of X1 and X2 well of North Yellow Sea basin in this paper. Results show that tephrite and trachy basalt of Pre-Mesozoic in X1 well of North Yellow Sea basin is weaker magnetic ((131.5-138.5)(4π×10-6). Dacite in the lower part of X2 and dacite containing breccia in the upper part is weak magnetic ((27.5-82.5)(4π×10-6)) and rocks of medium density. The tephrite of X1 belongs to the high potassium calcalkaline series and the trachy basalt is the calcalkaline series. These two kinds of volcanics are characterized by higher ΣREE (108.11×10-6 to 208.02×10-6), enriched LREE (LREE/HREE=4.04-6.91) and weak anomalies with δEu (0.99-1.18). And the two layers of volcanic in X2 are both characterized by lower ΣREE, enriched LREE and weak anomalies with δEu. The rare elements are characterized by enriched Ba, U and Sr and depleted Nb and Ta. The ratios of (Rb/Sr)N, (La/Nb)N and (Ba/Nb)N are all higher than those of the original mantle, which indicates that the magma derived from the crust melting. It is concluded that the volcanics of North Yellow Sea basin in Pre-Mesozoic formed in the plate tectonic setting the ones in Mesozoic probably formed in the back-arc extension of plate subduction.
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Key words:
- North Yellow Sea /
- Pre-Mesozoic /
- Mesozoic /
- volcanics /
- susceptibility /
- tectonic setting /
- geochemistry
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图 1 北黄海盆地区域构造位置图(a)、盆地断裂分布图(b) 和X1、X2井综合柱状图(c)
岩性柱的颜色表示岩石的颜色
Fig. 1. The regional tectonic location map of North Yellow Sea basin (a), the fracture distribution of the basin (b), and the comprehensive stratigraphic column of well X1 and well X2 (c)
图 2 北黄海盆地X1和X2井火山岩样品显微照片
a.样品X1B1(+)，斑晶与基质，间粒结构；b.样品X1B2(+)，辉石斑晶；c.样品X1B2(+)，裂隙被方解石充填，虚线内为方解石脉；d.样品X1B3(+)，斜长石微晶；e.样品X1B3(-)，钙质和硅质呈2期充填；f.样品X2B5-2(+)，斑晶与基质，斑状结构；g.样品X2B5-3(+)，长石斑晶，长石表面发生蚀变；h.样品X2B2-5(-)，黑云母斑晶；i.样品X2B2-3(+)，石英斑晶，溶蚀孔和栉状结构；j.样品X2B2-4(+)，斜长石斑晶，表面被方解石交代；k.样品X2B2-4(+)，流纹岩碎屑边部被熔蚀；l.样品X2B2-1(+)，流纹岩碎屑边部呈撕裂状.Pl.斜长石；Px.辉石；Cal.方解石脉；Q.石英；Kfs.钾长石；Bl.黑云母；RR.流纹岩角砾
Fig. 2. The micrograph of volcanic rocks samples of well X1 and well X2 in North Yellow Sea basin
图 3 火山岩TAS图(a) 和Zr/TiO2-SiO2图解(b)
图a底图据Middlemost (1994)；图b底图据Winchester et al.(1977)
Fig. 3. The TAS diagram (a) and the relations of Zr/TiO2-SiO2 (b) of volcanic rocks
图 5 X1和X2井火山岩球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式
球粒陨石数据引自Sun and McDonough (1989)
Fig. 5. The chondrite-normalized REE patterns of volcanic rocks from well X1 and well X2
图 6 X1和X2井火山岩原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图
原始地幔标准化数据引自Sun and McDonough (1989)
Fig. 6. The primitive mantle normalized trace elements spider diagram of volcanic rocks from well X1 and well X2
图 7 玄武岩Ti/100-Zr-3Y (a) 和2Nb-Zr/4-Y (b) 判别图解
图a据Pearce and Cann (1973)，图b据Meschede (1986)
Fig. 7. The Ti/100-Zr-3Y relations (a) and 2Nb-Zr/4-Y relations (b) from basalts
图 8 火山岩Y-Nb (a) 和(Y+Nb)-Rb (b) 判别图解
Fig. 8. The Y-Nb relations (a) and (Y+Nb)-Rb relations (b) of the volcanic rocks
图 9 火山岩Hf-Rb/10-3Ta和Hf-Rb/30-3Ta判别图解
Fig. 9. The Hf-Rb/10-3Ta relations (a) and Hf-Rb/30-3Ta relations (b) of the volcanic rocks
表 1 火山岩样品采集深度
Table 1. The collecting depth of volcanic rock samples
样品编号 取样深度(m) 显微镜下定名 X1B1 2 936.20~2 936.21 玄武岩 X1B2 2 935.62~2 935.65 玄武岩 X1B3 2 934.41~2 934.43 玄武岩 X2B5-1 3 786.00~3 786.09 英安岩 X2B5-2 3 787.40~3 787.49 英安岩 X2B5-3 3 787.90~3 788.06 英安岩 X2B2-1 2 596.76~2 596.86 含角砾英安岩 X2B2-2 2 601.35~2 601.44 含角砾英安岩 X2B2-3 2 601.15~2 601.35 含角砾英安岩 X2B2-4 2 598.99~2 599.03 含角砾英安岩 X2B2-5 2 596.70~2 596.76 含角砾英安岩 
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表 2 北黄海盆地X1和X2井岩石磁化率和密度测量结果
Table 2. The test results of rock susceptibility and density of well X1 and well X2 in North Yellow Sea basin
样品编号 磁化率(4π×10-6) 密度(g/cm3) X1B1 131.5 2.646 X1B2 135.5 2.704 X1B3 138.5 2.744 X2B5-1 41.5 2.623 X2B5-2 34.5 2.597 X2B5-3 27.5 2.584 X2B2-2 82.5 2.449 X2B2-3 75.5 2.394 X2B2-4 64.1 2.466
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表 3 X1和X2井火山岩主量元素(%)、微量元素(10-6)、稀土元素(10-6) 含量和元素比值
Table 3. The contents of major elements (%), trace elements (10-6) and rare earth elements (10-6) and the element ratios of volcanic rocks from well X1 and well X2
样品号 X1B1 X1B2 X1B3 X2B5-1 X2B5-2 X2B5-3 X2B2-1 X2B2-2 X2B2-3 X2B2-4 X2B2-5 SiO2 42.76 41.52 47.18 69.20 68.94 71.40 63.32 65.66 64.30 63.72 63.78 Al2O3 14.77 14.17 13.54 18.02 14.95 14.92 17.19 17.73 17.67 17.88 18.14 Fe2O3 4.29 4.11 2.64 0.07 0.31 0.38 2.23 0.98 0.99 0.89 1.91 FeO 9.67 9.56 6.93 0.94 1.31 1.10 0.74 2.54 2.37 1.60 0.49 TiO2 2.60 2.80 1.92 0.12 0.08 0.12 0.24 0.36 0.30 0.34 0.30 P2O5 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.20 0.15 0.20 0.20 0.15 MnO 0.15 0.15 0.19 0.04 0.07 0.04 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.04 CaO 5.43 7.21 5.17 1.57 1.92 1.03 3.03 0.89 1.49 2.23 2.19 MgO 5.40 5.36 4.77 0.35 0.48 0.38 1.21 0.67 0.90 0.98 0.81 K2O 1.24 1.21 0.65 2.00 1.86 1.99 1.45 1.82 1.67 2.02 1.50 Na2O 4.29 4.02 5.21 3.08 5.89 5.74 0.15 0.18 0.21 0.26 0.09 LOI 8.81 9.23 11.50 3.85 3.43 2.57 9.65 8.35 9.13 9.29 9.92 σ - - 8.22 0.98 2.32 2.10 0.13 0.18 0.17 0.25 0.12 Sc 17.72 16.87 22.67 1.26 0.78 1.74 5.87 5.03 7.74 4.08 3.55 V 119.90 119.20 123.50 13.62 13.02 11.98 40.91 51.09 59.19 48.22 47.95 Cr 25.28 25.13 41.83 4.75 4.36 7.64 8.02 7.80 9.12 7.34 6.19 Co 57.97 59.76 30.43 2.06 2.64 2.18 6.50 6.50 7.14 5.21 6.31 Ni 59.86 60.93 35.52 2.99 3.79 5.47 9.95 7.54 8.12 6.15 8.15 Cu 45.00 48.51 12.03 20.89 14.44 13.16 18.93 11.54 18.76 9.12 50.77 Zn 81.05 87.01 69.87 158.50 88.66 121.20 131.90 114.70 109.80 118.10 98.88 Ga 25.58 26.05 16.84 20.83 18.31 20.47 23.88 23.12 26.10 21.49 21.02 Ge 1.66 1.70 1.81 0.98 0.96 1.04 1.77 1.94 1.96 1.68 1.62 Rb 24.20 27.82 24.18 52.12 50.27 44.85 38.47 41.80 32.07 44.04 41.04 Sr 438.00 473.90 233.50 231.50 273.90 211.40 520.60 454.20 411.50 320.80 474.50 Y 32.57 33.85 35.49 6.43 6.30 5.88 6.62 4.71 4.32 4.93 5.61 Zr 203.30 207.60 224.90 107.90 103.50 94.96 62.60 73.94 93.87 111.60 88.19 Nb 18.95 19.30 19.00 5.58 5.47 4.94 6.43 7.43 7.66 7.58 6.85 Sn 2.46 2.25 2.50 1.96 1.99 1.71 0.52 0.54 0.56 0.56 0.51 Ba 896.30 924.60 149.00 333.70 331.50 363.80 400.90 426.80 424.70 411.60 400.50 Hf 4.11 4.12 4.80 3.41 3.27 2.97 2.20 2.53 3.11 3.65 2.97 Ta 1.28 1.12 1.37 0.47 0.44 0.40 0.51 0.58 0.60 0.59 0.54 Pb 12.18 9.46 3.03 19.47 17.79 59.89 7.38 13.34 9.37 8.68 6.09 Th 2.13 2.25 8.97 2.60 2.39 2.19 1.42 1.49 1.34 1.38 1.25 U 0.51 0.52 1.00 1.02 1.01 0.97 0.78 0.91 0.89 0.92 0.81 (Rb/Sr)N 0.17 0.18 0.32 0.70 0.57 0.66 0.23 0.29 0.24 0.43 0.27 (Ba/Nb)N 4.83 4.89 0.80 6.10 6.18 7.52 6.36 5.87 5.66 5.54 5.97 (La/Nb)N 0.82 0.82 2.14 2.44 2.71 2.81 1.37 1.27 1.11 1.16 1.24 (Rb/Yb)N 0.54 0.60 0.48 6.13 6.26 5.84 6.60 7.74 5.00 7.30 7.17 La 14.99 15.28 39.13 13.13 14.29 13.36 8.47 9.11 8.21 8.45 8.21 Ce 40.83 47.24 85.61 23.85 27.01 25.12 17.31 18.67 16.97 16.91 16.43 Pr 4.36 4.67 9.52 3.14 3.20 3.00 2.33 2.48 2.31 2.37 2.24 Nd 18.95 20.21 36.67 12.26 12.22 11.26 9.77 10.18 9.52 10.12 9.52 Sm 5.30 5.67 8.10 2.11 1.93 1.74 1.98 1.77 1.80 2.04 1.98 Eu 2.22 2.44 2.68 0.59 0.55 0.49 0.55 0.52 0.56 0.63 0.52 Gd 6.36 7.02 8.43 1.62 1.40 1.30 1.73 1.21 1.34 1.55 1.59 Tb 1.08 1.18 1.33 0.25 0.22 0.21 0.27 0.18 0.21 0.24 0.26 Dy 5.45 5.84 6.62 1.21 1.07 1.04 1.29 0.84 0.99 1.11 1.19 Ho 1.27 1.36 1.49 0.27 0.25 0.24 0.26 0.20 0.23 0.24 0.25 Er 3.06 3.25 3.64 0.61 0.58 0.55 0.54 0.43 0.50 0.51 0.50 Tm 0.51 0.54 0.60 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.11 Yb 3.24 3.41 3.71 0.62 0.59 0.56 0.43 0.40 0.47 0.44 0.42 Lu 0.48 0.49 0.52 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.13 ΣREE 108.11 118.61 208.02 59.97 63.61 59.16 45.18 46.23 43.37 44.87 43.35 ΣHREE 21.46 23.10 26.31 4.89 4.41 4.19 4.77 3.50 4.00 4.35 4.45 LREE/HREE 4.04 4.14 6.91 11.26 13.42 13.12 8.47 12.21 9.84 9.31 8.74 (La/Yb)n 3.30 3.21 7.57 14.31 16.37 16.12 13.31 15.39 11.80 12.98 13.21 (Ce/Yb)n 3.48 3.85 6.42 9.97 11.86 11.62 10.43 12.09 9.35 9.96 10.13 (La/Sm)n 1.82 1.74 3.12 3.92 4.66 4.83 2.69 3.24 2.87 2.61 2.61 (Gd/Yb)n 1.62 1.70 1.88 2.12 1.92 1.88 3.26 2.45 2.31 2.86 3.07 δEu 1.17 1.18 0.99 0.98 1.02 1.00 0.91 1.09 1.10 1.08 0.90 注：样品由吉林大学测试中心完成.主量元素用X射线荧光光谱仪测定；微量稀土元素用ICP-MS质谱仪测定，下标N为原始地幔数值；δEu=2Eun/(Smn×Gdn)(Sun and McDonough, 1989)，下标n为球粒陨石标准化值.
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