Development Characteristics and Significance of Large Delta of Upper Enping Formation, Baiyun Sag
-
摘要: 白云凹陷恩平组沉积晚期发育大型的辫状河三角洲,但该三角洲的沉积过程、内部发育期次及平面分布规律尚不明确.基于9口钻遇恩三段的钻井资料,开展了砂岩碎屑锆石U-Pb定年及全区覆盖的三维、二维地震资料分析.结果表明恩平组不同沉积时期的主要物源供给方式:恩平组早-中期以白云凹陷四周隆起提供短程物源碎屑为主(母岩类型以中生代火成岩为主),恩平组沉积晚期白云凹陷与北部珠一坳陷开始连通,盆外大型水系携带华南褶皱带物源碎屑沿NW-SE方向进入白云凹陷沉积(母岩类型以古生代-前寒武系变质岩为主),大型三角洲开始发育.地震相及能量半衰时属性分析揭示了白云凹陷恩平组沉积晚期大型三角洲的沉积构成特征,即发育3期不断向东南方向进积的楔状体,其沉积规模由小到大,然后再变小,直至断陷消亡.恩平组沉积晚期三角洲煤系烃源岩及陆源海相烃源岩广泛发育,大型三角洲具备优越的生储盖组合,有利于形成三角洲前缘上倾尖灭油气藏,是白云凹陷深水区古近系油气勘探重要目标.Abstract: A large-scale braided delta is developed in the late stage of the Enping Formation in the Baiyun sag, but the sedimentary process, the internal development stages and the plane distribution of the delta remain unclear. Based on the nine wells which penetrated the third member of the Enping Formation, the detrital zircon U-Pb dating and the 2D and 3D seismic data analyses were carried out in this paper. The sediment supply patterns of the Enping Formation in different depositional periods were determined. During the first-second members of Enping Formation (SQ1-SQ2), sediments derived from the paleo-uplift were mainly composed of Mesozoic igneous rocks and are interpreted to have sourced via relatively short-distance transportation. During the third member of Enping Formation (SQ3), the sediments oriented from South China folded belt (SCFB) which mainly consists of Precambrian-Paleozoic metamorphic rocks. The sediments which are derived from SCFB and transported long-distance pathways through northwest-southeast orientation have deposited in Baiyun sag and the large-scale delta developed subsequently. Meanwhile, the sedimentary characteristics of large-scale delta of the SQ3 within Baiyun sag are described through typical seismic facies and the energy half-time seismic attribute analysis. The delta developed three stages of progradational wedges continuously to the southeast direction and with increasing scale initially, followed by decreasing scale until the rift basin disappeared. The results reveal that the deltaic coal-bearing and terrigenous-marine source rocks are mainly developed in the SQ3 and thus the large-scale delta has an excellent accumulation condition of source-reservoir-cap rock assemblages. And the delta front sand bodies tend to develop the updip pinch-out reservoir which will become an important target for oil and gas exploration in Paleogene of Baiyun deep-water region.
-
Key words:
- progradational reflection /
- provenance system /
- zircon U-Pb dating /
- Enping Formation /
- Baiyun sag /
- petroleum geology /
-
图 2 白云凹陷恩平组层序地层格架
地层位置见图 1b
Fig. 2. The sequence stratigraphic framework of Enping Formation in Baiyun sag
图 3 恩平组变质成因及岩浆成因锆石阴极发光图像
a.BY-1井,恩三段deltaⅢ,4020~4290m,变质成因锆石;b.BY-9井,恩平组,3159~3360m,变质成因锆石;c.BY-2井,恩三段deltaⅡ,4325~4755m,变质成因锆石;d.BY-1井,恩三段deltaⅡ,4505~4665m,岩浆成因锆石;e.BY-2井,恩三段deltaⅡ,4325~4755m,岩浆成因锆石;f.BY-5井,恩平组,2244~2289m,岩浆成因锆石
Fig. 3. The CL images of metamorphic origin and magma genesis zircon in Enping Formation
图 4 恩三段-珠海组砂岩中碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄分布
a.BY-1井,4755~5055m,恩三段deltaⅠ;b.BY-1井,4505~4665m,恩三段deltaⅡ;c.BY-1井,4020~4290m,恩三段deltaⅢ;d.BY-1井,3500~3690m,珠海组;e.BY-2井,4325~4755m,恩三段deltaⅡ;f.BY-2井,3720~4165m,恩三段deltaⅢ;g.BY-5井,2244~2289m,恩平组;h.BY-6井,4480~4650m,恩平组;i.BY-8井,2622~2661m,恩平组;j.BY-8井,2394~2595m,珠海组;k.BY-9井,3159~3360m,恩平组;l.BY-9井,2928~3075m,珠海组
Fig. 4. The U-Pb age distribution of clastic zircon in sandstone of the third member of the Enping Formation and Zhuhai Formation
图 9 恩三段大型三角洲典型地震剖面
剖面位置见图 8
Fig. 9. Typical seismic profile of large delta of the third member of Enping Formation
图 13 恩平组沉积晚期大型三角洲成藏模式
据张功成等(2015)修改,剖面位置见图 8
Fig. 13. The large delta reservoir model of the late sedimentary period in Enping Formation
表 1 白云凹陷恩平组三角洲前缘砂体要素
Table 1. The main elements of delta front sand-bodies of Enping Formation in Baiyun sag
序号 三角洲期次 地形坡度(°) 前积角度(°) 前积投影长度(km) 主体面积(km2) 前积反射类型 1 deltaⅠ-1 3.0~4.5 5.0~11.0 15~18 355 斜交型 2 deltaⅡ-1 2.0~4.0 3.0~7.0 8~10 73 S-斜交复合型 3 deltaⅡ-2-A 3.0~5.5 2.0~4.0 10~12 116 S-斜交复合型 4 deltaⅡ-2-B 4.0~6.5 3.0~8.0 6~8 75 S-斜交复合型 5 deltaⅡ-2-C 7.0~11.0 3.5~7.0 11~13 104 S-斜交复合型 6 deltaⅡ-2-D 6.0~9.0 2.0~4.0 10~12 83 S型 7 deltaⅡ-3 2.5~4.0 3.0~5.0 7~8 58 S-斜交复合型 8 deltaⅡ-4 3.0~4.0 1.5~3.0 6~8 68 S-斜交复合型 9 deltaⅡ-5 3.0~4.5 2.0~3.5 4~5 45 S-斜交复合型 10 deltaⅢ-1-A 3.0~5.0 3.0~6.0 13~15 152 S-斜交复合型 11 deltaⅢ-1-B 2.0~4.0 2.0~4.0 12~14 147 S型 12 deltaⅢ-1-C 1.5~3.0 2.0~3.0 10~12 126 S型 13 deltaⅢ-2 2.0~4.0 1.0~2.0 15~16 136 S型 -
Benyon,C.,Leier,A.L.,Leckie,D.A.,et al.,2016.Sandstone Provenance and Insights into the Paleogeography of the McMurray Formation from Detrital Zircon Geochronology,Athabasca Oil Sands,Canada.AAPG Bulletin,100(2):269-287.doi: 10.1306/10191515029 Catuneanu,O.,Abreu,V.,Bhattacharya,J.P.,et al.,2009.Towards the Standardization of Sequence Stratigraphy.Earth-Science Reviews,94(1):1-33.doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2008.10.003 Chen,L.,Pang,X.,Liu J.,et al.,2015.Characteristics and Identification of High Quality Deep-Water Gravity Flow Sandstone Reservoirs in Baiyun Sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin,South China Sea.Petroleum Exploration and Development,42(4):463-471 (in Chinese with English abstract). Du,J.H.,Yi,S.W.,Lu,X.J.,et al.,2004.Oil and Gas Distribution of Oil-Enriched Depression Characterized with“Reciproeity”.China Petroleum Exploration,9(1):15-22 (in Chinese with English abstract). Fan,M.,Mankin,A.,Chamberlain,K.,2015.Provenance and Depositional Ages of Late Paleogene Fluvial Sedimentary Rocks in the Central Rocky Mountains,U.S.A..Journal of Sedimentary Research,85(11):1416-1430.doi:http://dx.doi.org/ 10.2110/jsr.2015.87 Kimbrough,D.L.,Grove,M.,Gehrels,G.E.,et al.,2015.Detrital Zircon U-Pb Provenance of the Colorado River:A 5 m.y.Record of Incision into Cover Strata Overlying the Colorado Plateau and Adjacent Regions.Geosphere,11(6):1719-1748.doi: 10.1130/GES00982.1 Li,C.H.,Wang,J.H.,Liu,B.J.,et al.,2014.Types and Distribution of the Paleogene Sedimentary Facies in Baiyun Depression of Pearl River Mouth Basin.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,32(6):1162-1170 (in Chinese with English abstract). Li,H.Q.,Pu,R.H.,Wang,D.X.,et al.,2014.Progradational Reflection from Lacustrine Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin,China.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,49(5):985-996 (in Chinese with English abstract). Li,P.L.,Liang,H.X.,Dai,Y.D.,1998.Exploration Perspective of Basement Hydrocarbon Accumulations in the Pearl River Mouth Basin.China Offshore Oil and Gas (Geology),12(6):361-369 (in Chinese with English abstract). Liao,J.H.,Xu,Q.,Chen,Y.,et al.,2016.Sedimentary Characteristics and Genesis of the Deepwater Channel System in Zhujiang Formation of Baiyun-Liwan Sag.Earth Science,41(6):1041-1054 (in Chinese with English abstract). Lin,H.M.,Shi,H.S.,2014.Hydrocarbon Accumulation Conditions and Exploration Direction of Baiyun-Liwan Deep Water in the Pearl River Mouth Basin.Natural Gas Industry,34(5):29-36 (in Chinese with English abstract). Liu,A.,Wu,S.M.,2011.A Discussion on the Formation of Granite in the Pearl River Mouth Basin and Its Implication to Hydrocarbon Resource.Earth Science Frontiers,18(1):141-148 (in Chinese with English abstract). Liu,B.J.,Pang,X.,Yan,C.Z.,et al.,2011.An Analysis of Depositional Evolution and Its Controls in Baiyun Deep-Water Area,Pearl River Mouth Basin.China Offshore Oil and Gas,23(1):19-23 (in Chinese with English abstract). Liu,H.R.,Zhu,H.T.,Shi,H.S.,et al.,2015.Migrated Sequence Stratigraphic Architecture and Its Geological Significance in Huizhou Depression,Pearl River Mouth Basin.Earth Science,40(5):840-850 (in Chinese with English abstract). Liu,Q.H.,Zhu,H.T.,Shu,Y.,et al.,2016.Provenance Identification and Sedimentary Analysis of the Beach and Bar Systems in the Palaeogene of the Enping Sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin,South China Sea.Marine and Petroleum Geology,70:251-272.doi:http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2015.12.002 Liu,Q.H.,Zhu,H.T.,Yang,X.H.,et al.,2013.Quantitative Recognition of Seismic Sequence Stratigraphic Units in Wenchang Formation,Paleogene,Enping Sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin.Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology),44(3):1076-1082 (in Chinese with English abstract). Mi,L.J.,Yuan,Y.S.,Zhang,G.C.,et al.,2009.Characteristics and Genesis of Geothermal Field in Deep-Water Area of the Northern South China Sea.Acta Petrolei Sinica,30(1):27-32 (in Chinese with English abstract). Neng,Y.,Wu,J.F.,Qi,J.F.,et al.,2013.Three Structural Layers and Its Evolution of Cenozoic Basins in Deep Water Area of Northern Margin,South China Sea.Acta Geologica Sinica,87(3):403-414 (in Chinese with English abstract). Shao,L.,Meng,X.J.,Zhang,G.C.,et al.,2013.Feature of Faults System and Its Influence on Tectonic and Sedimentary History of Baiyun Sag.Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science),41(9):1435-1441 (in Chinese with English abstract). Shi,H.S.,Yu,S.M.,Mei,L.F.,et al.,2009.Features of Paleogene Episodic Rifting in Huizhou Fault Depression in the Pearl River Mouth Basin.Natural Gas Industry,29(1):35-37,40 (in Chinese with English abstract). Shu,L.S.,2006.Predevonian Tectonic Evolution of South China:From Cathaysialan Block to Caledonian Period Folded Orogenic Belt.Geological Journal of China Universities,12(4):418-431 (in Chinese with English abstract). Vail,P.R.,1983.Seismic Stratigraphy and the Evaluation of Depositional Sequences and Facies.Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society,73(1):278. Wang,J.L.,2003.Application of Electrograph Curve Morphology in Sedimentary Facies Analysis.Coal Technology,22(9):109-110 (in Chinese). Wang,W.,Ye,J.R.,Yang,X.H.,et al.,2015.Sediment Provenance and Depositional Response to Multistage Rifting,Paleogene,Huizhou Depression,Pearl River Mouth Basin.Earth Science,40(6):1061-1071 (in Chinese with English abstract). Wu,W.Z.,Xia,B.,Jiang,Z.L.,et al.,2013.Sedimentary Evolution and Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Baiyun Depression,Zhujiangkou Basin.Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,33(1):25-33 (in Chinese with English abstract). Wu,Y.B.,Zheng,Y.F.,2004.Genetic Mineralogy Research of Zircon and Its Constraint on Explanation of U-Pb Age.Chinese Science Bulletin,49(16):1589-1604 (in Chinese). Xie,Z.Y.,Li,Y.P.,Sun,Z.,et al.,2015.A Basin Modeling Study on the Coupling of Fault Activity and Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Baiyun Sag.Journal of Tropical Oceanography,34(1):30-41 (in Chinese with English abstract). Yang,C.Q.,He,T.X.,Weng,S.J.,et al.,1988.Regional Geology of Guangdong Province.Geological Publishing House,Beijing (in Chinese). Yang,X.H.,Chen,H.H.,Ye,J.R.,et al.,2000.Large Lake Deltas and Their Hydrocarbon Potential in Bozhong Sag.China Offshore Oil and Gas (Geology),14(4):226-232 (in Chinese with English abstract). Yu,J.H.,Wang L.J.,Zhou,X.M.,et al.,2006.Compositions and Formation History of the Basement Metamorphic Rocks in Northeastern Guangdong Province.Earth Science,31(1):38-48 (in Chinese with English abstract). Zhang,G.C.,Chen,Y.,Yang,H.Z.,et al.,2015.Stratigraphic-Lithologic Traps in the Enping Formation:A New Exploration Field in Deep Water Area of the Baiyun Sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin.China Offshore Oil and Gas,27(6):1-9 (in Chinese with English abstract). Zhang,G.C.,Miao,S.D.,Chen,Y.,et al.,2013.Distribution of Gas Enrichment Regions Controlled by Source Rocks and Geothermal Heat in China Offshore Basins.Natural Gas Industry,33(4):1-17 (in Chinese with English abstract). Zhang,G.C.,Wang Q.,Miao S.D.,et al.,2014.The Duality Distribution Pattern of Marine-Continental Transitional Hydrocarbon Source Rocks:A Case Study from Baiyun Sag in Pearl River Mouth Basin,China offshore.Natural Gas Geoscience,25(9):1329-1308 (in Chinese with English abstract). Zhang,G.C.,Yang,H.Z.,Chen,Y.,et al.,2014.The Baiyun Sag:A Giant Rich Gas-Generation Sag in the Deepwater Area of the Pearl River Mouth Basin.Natural Gas Industry,34(11):11-25 (in Chinese with English abstract). Zhang,Y.G.,2013.The Application of Energy Half-Time Attribute to Turbidite Reservoir Prediction.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,52(6):662-668 (in Chinese with English abstract). Zhou,L.,Guan,X.,Lei D.W.,et al.,2013.Geological Significance of Imbricated Progradation Seismic Reflection Characteristics from Member 1 of Qingshuihe Formation of Cretaceous in Modong.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,48(4):625-633 (in Chinese with English abstract). Zhu,W.L.,Zhong,K.,Li,Y.C.,et al.,2012.Characteristics of Hydrocarbon Accumulation and Exploration Potential of the Northern South China Sea Deepwater Basins.Chinese Science Bulletin,57(20):1833-1841 (in Chinese). Zhu,X.M.,Xin,Q.L.,1989.Application of Seismic Clinoform Reflection to the Determination of Ancient Flow System.Journal of China University of Petroleum (Edition of Natural Sciences),13(1):9-14 (in Chinese with English abstract). 陈亮, 庞雄, 刘军, 等, 2015.珠江口盆地白云凹陷深水重力流优质砂岩储集层特征及识别方法.石油勘探与开发, 42(4): 463-471. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SKYK201504008.htm 杜金虎, 易士威, 卢学军, 等, 2004.试论富油凹陷油气分布的“互补性”特征.中国石油勘探, 9(1): 15-22. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KTSY200401005.htm 李成海, 王家豪, 柳保军, 等, 2014.珠江口盆地白云凹陷古近系沉积相类型.沉积学报, 32(6): 1162-1170. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CJXB201406018.htm 李慧琼, 蒲仁海, 王大兴, 等, 2014.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组地震前积反射的地质意义.石油地球物理勘探, 49(5): 985-996. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYDQ201405027.htm 李平鲁, 梁慧娴, 戴一丁, 1998.珠江口盆地基岩油气藏远景探讨.中国海上油气(地质), 12(6): 361-369. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZHSD199806000.htm 廖计华, 徐强, 陈莹, 等, 2016.白云-荔湾凹陷珠江组大型深水水道体系沉积特征及成因机制.地球科学, 41(6): 1041-1054. http://www.earth-science.net/WebPage/Article.aspx?id=3315 林鹤鸣, 施和生, 2014.珠江口盆地白云—荔湾深水区油气成藏条件及勘探方向.天然气工业, 34(5): 29-36. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRQG201405002.htm 刘安, 吴世敏, 2011.珠江口盆地花岗岩成因探讨及其对油气资源指示意义.地学前缘, 18(1): 141-148. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DXQY201101025.htm 柳保军, 庞雄, 颜承志, 等, 2011.珠江口盆地白云深水区沉积充填演化及控制因素分析.中国海上油气, 23(1): 19-23. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZHSD201101003.htm 刘浩冉, 朱红涛, 施和生, 等, 2015.珠江口盆地惠州凹陷迁移型层序特征及其意义.地球科学, 40(5): 840-850. http://www.earth-science.net/WebPage/Article.aspx?id=3083 刘强虎, 朱红涛, 杨香华, 等, 2013.珠江口盆地恩平凹陷古近系文昌组地震层序地层单元定量识别.中南大学学报(自然科学版), 44(3): 1076-1082. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZNGD201303035.htm 米立军, 袁玉松, 张功成, 等, 2009.南海北部深水区地热特征及其成因.石油学报, 30(1): 27-32. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYXB200901006.htm 能源, 吴景富, 漆家福, 等, 2013.南海北部深水区新生代盆地三层结构及其构造演化.地质学报, 87(3): 403-414. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE201303011.htm 邵磊, 孟晓捷, 张功成, 等, 2013.白云凹陷断裂特征对构造与沉积的控制作用.同济大学学报(自然科学版), 41(9): 1435-1441. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TJDZ201309025.htm 施和生, 于水明, 梅廉夫, 等, 2009.珠江口盆地惠州凹陷古近纪幕式裂陷特征.天然气工业, 29(1): 35-37,40. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRQG200901012.htm 舒良树, 2006.华南前泥盆纪构造演化: 从华夏地块到加里东期造山带.高校地质学报, 12(4): 418-431. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GXDX200604002.htm 王俊林, 2003.电测井曲线形态在判断沉积相方面的应用.煤炭技术, 22(9): 109-110. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTJS200309077.htm 王维, 叶加仁, 杨香华, 等, 2015.珠江口盆地惠州凹陷古近纪多幕裂陷旋回的沉积物源响应.地球科学, 40(6): 1061-1071. http://www.earth-science.net/WebPage/Article.aspx?id=3103 吴伟中, 夏斌, 姜正龙, 等, 2013.珠江口盆地白云凹陷沉积演化模式与油气成藏关系探讨.沉积与特提斯地质, 33(1): 25-33. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TTSD201301006.htm 吴元保, 郑永飞, 2004.锆石成因矿物学研究及其对U-Pb年龄解释的制约.科学通报, 49(16): 1589-1604. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KXTB200416001.htm 谢志远, 李元平, 孙珍, 等, 2015.白云凹陷断裂活动与油气成藏耦合关系的盆地模拟研究.热带海洋学报, 34(1): 30-41. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-RDHY201501005.htm 杨超群, 贺同兴, 翁世劼, 等, 1988.广东省区域地质志.北京: 地质出版社. 杨香华, 陈红汉, 叶加仁, 等, 2000.渤中凹陷大型湖泊三角洲的发育特征及油气勘探前景.中国海上油气(地质), 14(4): 226-232. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZHSD200004001.htm 于津海, 王丽娟, 周新民, 等, 2006.粤东北基底变质岩的组成和形成时代.地球科学, 31(1): 38-48. http://www.earth-science.net/WebPage/Article.aspx?id=1535 张功成, 陈莹, 杨海长, 等, 2015.恩平组岩性地层圈闭——白云凹陷深水区天然气勘探新领域.中国海上油气, 27(6): 1-9. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZHSD201506001.htm 张功成, 苗顺德, 陈莹, 等, 2013.“源热共控”中国近海天然气富集区分布.天然气工业, 33(4): 1-17. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRQG201304002.htm 张功成, 王琪, 苗顺, 等, 2014a.中国近海海陆过渡相烃源岩二元分布模式——以珠江口盆地白云凹陷为例.天然气地球科学, 25(9): 1329-1308. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TDKX201409002.htm 张功成, 杨海长, 陈莹, 等, 2014b.白云凹陷——珠江口盆地深水区一个巨大的富生气凹陷.天然气工业, 34(11): 11-25. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRQG201411003.htm 张营革, 2013.能量半衰时属性在浊积岩储层预测中的应用研究.石油物探, 52(6): 662-668. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYWT201306018.htm 周路, 关旭, 雷德文, 等, 2013.莫东地区白垩系清水河组一段叠瓦状前积地震反射特征的地质意义.石油地球物理勘探, 48(4): 625-633. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYDQ201304020.htm 朱伟林, 钟锴, 李友川, 等, 2012.南海北部深水区油气成藏与勘探.科学通报, 57(20): 1833-1841. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KXTB201220004.htm 朱筱敏, 信荃麟, 1989.利用地震反射前积结构确定古水流体系.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版), 13(1): 9-14. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYDX198901001.htm -