Development Characteristics and Significance of Large Delta of Upper Enping Formation, Baiyun Sag
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摘要: 白云凹陷恩平组沉积晚期发育大型的辫状河三角洲，但该三角洲的沉积过程、内部发育期次及平面分布规律尚不明确.基于9口钻遇恩三段的钻井资料，开展了砂岩碎屑锆石U-Pb定年及全区覆盖的三维、二维地震资料分析.结果表明恩平组不同沉积时期的主要物源供给方式：恩平组早-中期以白云凹陷四周隆起提供短程物源碎屑为主(母岩类型以中生代火成岩为主)，恩平组沉积晚期白云凹陷与北部珠一坳陷开始连通，盆外大型水系携带华南褶皱带物源碎屑沿NW-SE方向进入白云凹陷沉积(母岩类型以古生代-前寒武系变质岩为主)，大型三角洲开始发育.地震相及能量半衰时属性分析揭示了白云凹陷恩平组沉积晚期大型三角洲的沉积构成特征，即发育3期不断向东南方向进积的楔状体，其沉积规模由小到大，然后再变小，直至断陷消亡.恩平组沉积晚期三角洲煤系烃源岩及陆源海相烃源岩广泛发育，大型三角洲具备优越的生储盖组合，有利于形成三角洲前缘上倾尖灭油气藏，是白云凹陷深水区古近系油气勘探重要目标.Abstract: A large-scale braided delta is developed in the late stage of the Enping Formation in the Baiyun sag, but the sedimentary process, the internal development stages and the plane distribution of the delta remain unclear. Based on the nine wells which penetrated the third member of the Enping Formation, the detrital zircon U-Pb dating and the 2D and 3D seismic data analyses were carried out in this paper. The sediment supply patterns of the Enping Formation in different depositional periods were determined. During the first-second members of Enping Formation (SQ1-SQ2), sediments derived from the paleo-uplift were mainly composed of Mesozoic igneous rocks and are interpreted to have sourced via relatively short-distance transportation. During the third member of Enping Formation (SQ3), the sediments oriented from South China folded belt (SCFB) which mainly consists of Precambrian-Paleozoic metamorphic rocks. The sediments which are derived from SCFB and transported long-distance pathways through northwest-southeast orientation have deposited in Baiyun sag and the large-scale delta developed subsequently. Meanwhile, the sedimentary characteristics of large-scale delta of the SQ3 within Baiyun sag are described through typical seismic facies and the energy half-time seismic attribute analysis. The delta developed three stages of progradational wedges continuously to the southeast direction and with increasing scale initially, followed by decreasing scale until the rift basin disappeared. The results reveal that the deltaic coal-bearing and terrigenous-marine source rocks are mainly developed in the SQ3 and thus the large-scale delta has an excellent accumulation condition of source-reservoir-cap rock assemblages. And the delta front sand bodies tend to develop the updip pinch-out reservoir which will become an important target for oil and gas exploration in Paleogene of Baiyun deep-water region.
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Key words:
- progradational reflection /
- provenance system /
- zircon U-Pb dating /
- Enping Formation /
- Baiyun sag /
- petroleum geology /
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图 1 珠江口盆地白云凹陷构造位置
Fig. 1. Tectonic location of Baiyun sag in the Pearl River Mouth basin
图 2 白云凹陷恩平组层序地层格架
地层位置见图 1b
Fig. 2. The sequence stratigraphic framework of Enping Formation in Baiyun sag
图 3 恩平组变质成因及岩浆成因锆石阴极发光图像
a.BY-1井，恩三段deltaⅢ，4020～4290m，变质成因锆石；b.BY-9井，恩平组，3159～3360m，变质成因锆石；c.BY-2井，恩三段deltaⅡ，4325～4755m，变质成因锆石；d.BY-1井，恩三段deltaⅡ，4505～4665m，岩浆成因锆石；e.BY-2井，恩三段deltaⅡ，4325～4755m，岩浆成因锆石；f.BY-5井，恩平组，2244～2289m，岩浆成因锆石
Fig. 3. The CL images of metamorphic origin and magma genesis zircon in Enping Formation
图 4 恩三段-珠海组砂岩中碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄分布
a.BY-1井，4755～5055m，恩三段deltaⅠ；b.BY-1井，4505～4665m，恩三段deltaⅡ；c.BY-1井，4020～4290m，恩三段deltaⅢ；d.BY-1井，3500～3690m，珠海组；e.BY-2井，4325～4755m，恩三段deltaⅡ；f.BY-2井，3720～4165m，恩三段deltaⅢ；g.BY-5井，2244～2289m，恩平组；h.BY-6井，4480～4650m，恩平组；i.BY-8井，2622～2661m，恩平组；j.BY-8井，2394～2595m，珠海组；k.BY-9井，3159～3360m，恩平组；l.BY-9井，2928～3075m，珠海组
Fig. 4. The U-Pb age distribution of clastic zircon in sandstone of the third member of the Enping Formation and Zhuhai Formation
图 5 SQ1～SQ2层序厚度与沉积相叠合
Fig. 5. The overlapping sketch of the thickness and sedimentary facies of SQ1-SQ2 sequences
图 6 SQ3层序厚度与沉积相叠加
Fig. 6. The overlapping sketch of the thickness and sedimentary facies of SQ3 sequence
图 7 恩三段单井相分析
Fig. 7. The single well phase analysis of the third member of Enping Formation
图 8 白云凹陷恩三段(SQ3)沉积相
Fig. 8. Sedimentary facies sketch of the third member of Enping Formation(SQ3)in Baiyun sag
图 9 恩三段大型三角洲典型地震剖面
剖面位置见图 8
Fig. 9. Typical seismic profile of large delta of the third member of Enping Formation
图 10 恩三段deltaI典型剖面及地震属性分析
Fig. 10. Typical seismic profiles and attributes analysis of the deltaI in the third member of Enping Formation
图 11 恩三段deltaⅡ典型剖面及地震属性分析
Fig. 11. Typical seismic profiles and attributes analysis of the deltaⅡ in the third member of Enping Formation
图 12 恩三段deltaⅢ典型剖面及地震属性分析
Fig. 12. Typical seismic profiles and attributes analysis of the deltaⅢ in the third member of Enping Formation
图 13 恩平组沉积晚期大型三角洲成藏模式
据张功成等(2015)修改，剖面位置见图 8
Fig. 13. The large delta reservoir model of the late sedimentary period in Enping Formation
表 1 白云凹陷恩平组三角洲前缘砂体要素
Table 1. The main elements of delta front sand-bodies of Enping Formation in Baiyun sag
序号 三角洲期次 地形坡度(°) 前积角度(°) 前积投影长度(km) 主体面积(km2) 前积反射类型 1 deltaⅠ-1 3.0～4.5 5.0～11.0 15～18 355 斜交型 2 deltaⅡ-1 2.0～4.0 3.0～7.0 8～10 73 S-斜交复合型 3 deltaⅡ-2-A 3.0～5.5 2.0～4.0 10～12 116 S-斜交复合型 4 deltaⅡ-2-B 4.0～6.5 3.0～8.0 6～8 75 S-斜交复合型 5 deltaⅡ-2-C 7.0～11.0 3.5～7.0 11～13 104 S-斜交复合型 6 deltaⅡ-2-D 6.0～9.0 2.0～4.0 10～12 83 S型 7 deltaⅡ-3 2.5～4.0 3.0～5.0 7～8 58 S-斜交复合型 8 deltaⅡ-4 3.0～4.0 1.5～3.0 6～8 68 S-斜交复合型 9 deltaⅡ-5 3.0～4.5 2.0～3.5 4～5 45 S-斜交复合型 10 deltaⅢ-1-A 3.0～5.0 3.0～6.0 13～15 152 S-斜交复合型 11 deltaⅢ-1-B 2.0～4.0 2.0～4.0 12～14 147 S型 12 deltaⅢ-1-C 1.5～3.0 2.0～3.0 10～12 126 S型 13 deltaⅢ-2 2.0～4.0 1.0～2.0 15～16 136 S型 
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