Geomorphic Features of the Bailongjiang River Drainage Basin and Its Relationship with Geological Disaster
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摘要: 活动构造是影响地质灾害发生的主要因素之一.利用SRTM-3数字高程模型 (digital elevation model，简称DEM) 数据，基于ArcGIS空间分析技术及Matlab程序脚本系统提取白龙江流域宏观地貌信息、拟合流域内部7个4级亚流域的S-A图解，并结合流域内部新构造特征、活动断裂分布、岩性展布特征以及降水条件等系统分析了白龙江流域滑坡泥石流地质灾害发育的控制因素.其中，S-A拟合图形上凸者代表流域内物质的输出量大于输入量，反之，S-A拟合图形下凹者代表流域内物质的输出量小于输入量，而物质输入表现为山体隆升，较大的物质输出量具体表现形式即为突发事件形成的滑坡、泥石流灾害；另外区域构造运动控制下的强烈褶皱破碎甚至糜棱化或半糜棱化岩层分布也是地质灾害发生必不可少的条件.受上述因素综合影响，本区地质灾害通常发生在高程突变、起伏度与切割深度大的高坡度分布区，而由于区域差异隆升所形成的不同的亚流域地貌形态则控制了地质灾害高发区，即物质输出量大于输入量的亚流域内部滑坡泥石流等地质灾害频繁，而输入量大于输出量的亚流域内部并无明显地质灾害分布点.Abstract: Active tectonics is one of the factor that impacts the geological disaster. In this paper, the control factors of the geological disasters (landslide and debris flow) in Bailongjiang drainage basin are studied. Based on SRTM-3 Digital Elevation Model, we make use of ArcGIS spatial analysis techniques and Matlab scripts to extract various geomorphic parameters in Bailongjiang drainage basin systematically, such as the macro landform information, seven fitting S-A graphics of four graded rivers. Combined with neotectonic features, active faults, lithological distribution and rainfall condition, the control factors of geodisasters are analyzed. The results show that the convex fitting S-A graphics represents that the material output is bigger than the material input; on the contrary, the concave fitting S-A graphics represents that the material output is less than the material input; among which, the material input performs mountain uplift and the concrete manifestation of material output is landslide, debris flow disaster produced in emergency. In addition, mylonitization or half mylonitization strata distribution controlled by regional tectonic movement is the essential factors for geological disasters. Affected by the comprehensive factors above, it is concluded that geological disasters usually occurs in the region that elevation changes rapidly, high relief amplitude and high slope distribution and different sub-basin topography caused by regional differences in uplift control the area where geological disasters occur frequently, that is, geological disasters occur frequently in the sub-basin where material output is bigger than material input and the sub-basin where material input is bigger than material output doesn't show the geological disasters distribution point.
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Key words:
- Bailongjiang river /
- geological disaster /
- geomorphology /
- stream-power incision model
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图 1 白龙江流域活动构造分布
F1.临潭-宕昌断裂；F2.光盖山-迭山断裂；F3.迭部-白龙江断裂；F4.东昆仑断裂；F5.哈南-青山湾-稻畦子断裂；F6.文县-康县-略阳断裂；F7.青川断裂；F8.两当-江洛断裂；F9.礼县-罗家堡断裂；A-A′、B-B′、C-C′和D-D′分别代表4条条带状剖面
Fig. 1. Active tectonics' distribution in Bailongjiang drainage basin
图 2 4条条带状剖面
F1.临潭-宕昌断裂；F2.光盖山-迭山断裂；F3.迭部-白龙江断裂；F4.东昆仑断裂；F5.哈南-青山湾-稻畦子断裂；F6.文县-康县-略阳断裂；F7.青川断裂
Fig. 2. Four swath profiles
图 3 白龙江流域地貌参数
a.地形高程分布；b.地形起伏度分布；c.地形切割深度分布；d.地形坡度分布
Fig. 3. Integrated topography parameters in Bailongjiang river
图 4 河流纵剖面陡峭系数分析结果
F1.临潭-宕昌断裂；F2.光盖山-迭山断裂；F3.迭部-白龙江断裂；F4.东昆仑断裂；F5.哈南-青山湾-稻畦子断裂；F6.文县-康县-略阳断裂；F7.青川断裂；F8.两当-江洛断裂；F9.礼县-罗家堡断裂
Fig. 4. Channel steepness index result
图 6 白龙江流域岩性分布
Fig. 6. The plane distribution of different rock types of Bailongjiang drainage
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