Formation Mechanism of Chang 6 Tight Sandstone Reservoir in Jiyuan Oilfield, Ordos Basin
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摘要: 鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬油田长6储层原油储量丰富，储层致密制约着油气的勘探开发潜力和评价精度.通过开展物性、粒度、铸体薄片、X衍射、扫描电镜、压汞等测试研究储层特征，以时间为主轴，综合成岩史、埋藏史、地热史、构造等因素，采用“成岩作用模拟”和“地质效应模拟”构建孔隙度演化模型及计算方法探讨致密储层成因机理.结果表明：储层经过较强的演化改造发育微-纳米孔喉系统，形成低孔特低孔-超低渗的致密砂岩储层.H53井长6段孔隙度演化史揭示了增孔和减孔因素对孔隙度及油气充注的影响；通过对比最大粒间孔面孔率、最大溶蚀面孔率、最大压实率、最大胶结率样品孔隙度演化路径和含油饱和度，查明了致密储层成因的差异及品质.Abstract: In order to further study the occurrence state and origin of geothermal resources in Guide basin, the hydrochemistry, hydrogen and oxygen isotope data from the study area are collected to analyze the geochemical properties and evolution of geothermal water and to calculate the geothermal reservoir temperature of high-temperature field. Hydrochemistry analysis of geothermal fluids show that the high-temperature thermal water is mainly of SO4·Cl-Na type, and the low-temperature thermal water is mainly of SO4-Na、SO4·HCO3-Na. There is a positive correlation between Li, F, Sr, As and Cl in Zhacangsi thermal field, which indicates the possible same origin, and the positive correlation between SiO2 and Cl confirms the deep hot source of geothermal resources. The δD values range from-59‰ to-87‰, the δ18O values range from-8.6‰ to 12.2‰, and they are all distributed near the local meteoric water line, which suggests the thermal water in study area is recharged from the atmospheric precipitation mainly. The temperature and depths of geothermal reservoir of Zhacangsi thermal field are calculated using reasonable geothermometers. The Na-K-Mg equilibrium diagram reflects that the cold water mixing action occurred in Zhacangsi thermal field during the hot water rising process, the cold water mix proportions and the geothermal reservoir temperature before the cold water mixed are obtained using Si-enthalpy model. The geothermal reservoir temperature of Zhacangsi thermal field is about 133 ℃ calculated by multi mineral balance method and geothermometers, which is close to the shallow reservoir temperature, the depth of the thermal cycle is about 1 800 m; while the geothermal reservoir average temperature of Zhacangsi geothermal field is 222 ℃ before the cold water mixed and the cold water in geothermal fluid mixed with 60%-68% analyzed by Si-enthalpy model, which is close to the deep geothermal reservoir temperature, the depth of the thermal cycle is about 3 200 m. It is concluded that there are two geothermal reservoirs in Zhacangsi thermal field within the depth of 4 000 m This paper can facilitate further study of genetical mechanism of the high-temperature geothermal systems and provide guidance for exploration and drilling in the area.
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Key words:
- Jiyuan Oilfield /
- chang6 reservoir /
- diagenesis /
- geologic simulation /
- porosity evolution /
- petroleum geology
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图 1 研究区域位置及长6沉积背景
a.中国长江以北地区示意图；b.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长6段沉积相平面；c.姬塬油田H82井柱状剖面；d.鄂尔多斯盆地构造演化
Fig. 1. Geographic location and depositional setting in research zone
图 2 砂岩成分分类
a.砂岩类型；b.填隙物；1.石英砂岩；2.长石质石英砂岩；3.岩屑质石英砂岩；4.长石岩屑质石英砂岩；5.长石砂岩；6.岩屑质长石砂岩；7.长石质岩屑砂岩；8.岩屑砂岩
Fig. 2. Sandstone components and type of Chang 6 reservoir in surveyed area
图 3 孔隙结构特征及物性相关性
a.铸体下孔隙特征，C296井，2 401.36 m；b.电镜下孔隙特征，G207井，2 136.92 m；c.孔隙结构特征，高压压汞；d.孔隙度与渗透率关系
Fig. 3. Characteristics of pore structure and porosity vs. permeability
图 4 成岩作用的微观镜下特征
a.C269井，2 406.46 m；b.H129井，2 359.90 m；c.G46井，2 459.80 m；d.G207井，2 395.25 m；e.G145井，2 398.83 m；f.G277井，1 991.65 m；g.H82井，2 450.82 m；h.G125井，2 411.10 m；i.H53井，2 306.50 m；j.G80井，2 199.53 m；k.H176井，2 128.24 m；l.G46井，2 459.80 m
Fig. 4. Micro-features of diagenesis
图 5 H53井长6段砂岩孔隙度演化史
a.H53井埋藏史、古地温史和成藏史；b.H53井孔隙度剖面分布；c.H53井长6段孔隙度综合演化史；d.姬塬油田长6段成岩作用演化特征
Fig. 5. Integrated pattern of the porosity evolution history of Chang 6 reservoir in H53 well
表 1 典型样品岩石组分特征统计
Table 1. Parameters of sandstone components of typical samples in Chang 6 reservoir
参数类型 陆源碎屑体积含量 (%) 结构成熟度 填隙物 (%) 脆性指数 石英类 长石类 火成岩 变质岩 沉积岩+云母 绿泥石 伊利石 高龄石 碳酸盐类 硅质类 其他 最大值 36.50 53.00 5.00 8.00 10.00 0.76 12.00 18.00 9.00 22.00 5.00 3.00 0.89 平均值 26.10 48.11 3.14 5.20 6.21 0.43 2.38 1.77 3.96 3.71 0.90 0.17 0.73 最小值 21.00 37.50 1.50 2.50 3.00 0.31 0.40 1.00 0.50 1.00 0.20 0.05 0.54 注：结构成熟度=石英质量分数/(长石质量分数+岩屑质量分数)；脆性指数=石英质量分数/(石英质量分数+碳酸盐质量分数+黏土质量分数)( Rick et al., 2008 ).
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表 2 砂岩孔隙度演化定量计算方法
Table 2. Quantitative calculation method of porosity evolution in sandstone reservior
孔隙度演化参数 (%) 公式 备注 原始孔隙 Φ1=20.91+22.90/Sd Φ1为砂岩未固结的原始孔隙 (%)；Sd为分选系数 (Sd=(P25/P75)1/2)，P25，P75是累计曲线上25%与75%所对应的颗粒的直径 压实剩余孔隙度 Φ2=Φ1expnh Φ2为不同深度段机械压实的剩余孔隙度 (%)；exp为指数；n为覆压下拟合的常数；h为地层埋深 (m) 胶结损失孔隙度 Φ3=C Φ3为胶结损失孔隙度 (%)；C为胶结物含量 (%) 溶蚀增加的孔隙度 Φ4=P1×P2/P3 Φ4为溶蚀增加的孔隙度 (%)；P1为溶蚀孔面孔率 (%)；P2为气测孔隙度平均值 (%)；P3为总孔隙面孔率 (%) 注：由于微裂缝、填隙物微孔的统计方法和难度较大，本次研究忽略.
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表 3 不同成岩特征的孔隙度演化参数统计
Table 3. Statistics of porosity evolution parameters of various diagenesis stages
参数类型 (%) Φ1 Φ2 Φ3-早 Φ4 Φ3-中晚 Φ P So Ⅰ 38.71 14.88 4.05 3.47 2.85 11.45 11.72 46.69 Ⅱ 38.12 13.16 4.24 7.96 6.91 9.97 10.36 38.25 Ⅲ 38.44 7.65 1.00 1.59 4.14 4.47 4.21 10.16 Ⅳ 37.95 30.36 25.27 0.17 1.86 3.39 3.51 7.11 注：Ⅰ.最大粒间孔面孔率；Ⅱ.最大溶蚀面孔率；Ⅲ.最大压实率；Ⅳ.最大胶结率；Φ1.原始孔隙；Φ2.压实剩余孔隙度；Φ3-早.早期胶结损失孔隙度；Φ4.溶蚀增加的孔隙度；Φ3-中晚.中晚期胶结损失孔隙度；Φ.计算孔隙度；P.气测孔隙度；So.测井含油饱和度.
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