扬子北部三峡地区南沱组冰碛岩的物源特征：锆石年龄和地球化学证据

胡蓉; 李双庆; 王伟; 陈福坤

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2016.121

扬子北部三峡地区南沱组冰碛岩的物源特征：锆石年龄和地球化学证据

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2016.121

胡蓉^1,,
李双庆^1, ,,
王伟²,
陈福坤¹

1.
中国科学技术大学地球和空间科学学院，安徽合肥 230026
2.
中国地质大学地球科学学院，湖北武汉 430074

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 40973042

国家自然科学基金项目 41090372

详细信息

作者简介:
胡蓉(1985-)，女，硕士，主要研究沉积地球化学.E-mail: rong1104@mail.ustc.edu.cn

通讯作者:
李双庆，E-mail: lsq@ustc.edu.cn

中图分类号: P597
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2016-05-13
- 刊出日期: 2016-10-03

Source Characteristics of Tillite the Nantuo Formation in Three Gorges, Northern Yangtze Block: Evidences from Zircon Ages and Geochemical Composition

1.
School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026
2.
School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074

摘要

摘要: 扬子陆块新元古代地层发育完整并广泛分布，三峡地区南沱组冰碛岩是扬子北部南华纪的冰成杂砾岩，不整合地覆盖在新元古代黄陵花岗岩之上.南沱组冰碛岩成分复杂，分选性差，缺乏可对比的标志，其沉积时代和物源组成研究较少且存在争议.对南沱组冰碛岩开展锆石U-Pb定年工作，得到最年轻的锆石年龄为706±7 Ma，印证了南沱组沉积时代应不早于700 Ma的说法，并可与Marinoan冰期对应.所获得锆石U-Pb年龄谱峰值主要分为~3.0 Ga，2.5~2.3 Ga，2.05~1.95 Ga和900~700 Ma，反映了扬子陆块4次地壳再造事件，其中古元古代和太古代年龄与崆岭杂岩相似，900~800 Ma和800~700 Ma的锆石年龄与附近黄陵花岗岩和扬子北缘岩体一致.冰碛砂岩的微量元素和同位素组成分异明显，可能是扬子北缘岩体、黄陵花岗岩和崆岭杂岩不同程度混合的结果.南沱组冰碛岩中包裹的花岗质砾石表现出不同的微量元素特征，具有偏低的稀土含量和亏损的重稀土组成，结合其锆石U-Pb年龄和Sr-Nd同位素特征，这些花岗质砾石主体可能来自于附近黄陵花岗岩和崆岭岩基.南沱组冰碛岩的物质组成特征反映了新元古时期，扬子地区强烈的裂谷岩浆作用所导致的北高南低的地势环境.
- 扬子陆块 /
- 南沱组 /
- 冰碛岩 /
- 锆石年龄 /
- Sr-Nd同位素 /
- 地球化学
Abstract: Neoproterozoic sedimentary sequences from the Yangtze block are completely developed and widely distributed. The Nantuo tillites in the Three Gorge area are glacial diamictites from the northern Yangtze block in the Nanhua period, which unconformably overlie the Neoproterozoic Huangling granites. The compositions of the Nantuo tillites are complicated, and the sedimentary time and components of source are rarely studied and remain in dispute. Zircon U-Pb dating results of the Nantuo tillite in this study yield youngest zircon age of 706±7 Ma. Combining with previous results about zircon U-Pb ages of the tuff from basal Doushantuo Formation and top of Datangpo Formation, the sedimentary ages of the Nantuo Formation are limited to 654-635 Ma, which can be equal to that of Marinoan. The peaks of zircon U-Pb age-spectrum are ~3.0 Ga, 2.5-2.3 Ga, 2.05-1.95 Ga and 900-700 Ma respectively, which indicate four crustal-reworking events in the Yangtze block. The ages of Paleoproterozoic and Archean are similar to that of the Kongling complex, meanwhile, 900-800 Ma and 800-700 Ma are the same as that of the Huangling granites nearby and the rocks from northern margin of the Yangtze block. The trace elements and isotope compositions of moraine sandstones show obvious differentiation, maybe due to the different degrees of mixture by materials from the northern margin of the Yangtze block, the Huangling granite and the Kongling Complex. Granitic conglomerates in the Nantuo tillites have different features of trace elements, low REE contents and depleted HREE. Associated with zircon U-Pb age and signature of Sr-Nd isotopes, these granitic conglomerates probably mainly came from the Huangling batholith and the Kongling Complex. The provenance characteristics of the Nantuo tillites reflect intensive rift related magma activities in the Yangtze block during the Neoproterozoic time, which causes the terrain featuring "lower in the south and higher in the north".
- Yangtze block /
- Nantuo Group /
- tillite /
- zircon age /
- Sr-Nd isotope /
- geochemistry

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图 1 研究区地质

a.中国扬子、华夏、华北和塔里木板块的分布位置；b.三峡地区和黄陵背斜的地质简图.据McFadden et al.(2009)和Xiao et al.(2012)修改

Fig. 1. Geology of research area

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图 2 三峡地区九龙湾南沱组典型剖面特征

a.南沱组与莲沱组的界线；b.南沱组与陡山沱组的界线；c.南沱组；d.南沱组冰碛岩中的砾石

Fig. 2. Outcrop pictures of the Nantuo Formation in the Jiulongwan section

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图 3 三峡地区九龙湾剖面南沱组冰碛岩样品

Fig. 3. Sample of tillite of the Nantuo formation in the Jiulongwan section

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图 4 三峡地区九龙湾剖面南沱组冰碛岩锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图和直方分布图

Fig. 4. Zircon U-Pb concordia and histogram of zircon ages for tillite of the Nantuo formation in the Jiulongwan section

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图 5 三峡地区九龙湾剖面南沱组冰碛岩

a.稀土元素球粒陨石标准化图解；b.微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图；其中黑色线条为南沱组冰碛砂岩，红色线条为南沱组被包裹的花岗质砾石，球粒陨石数据来自于Boynton(1984)，原始地幔数据来自于Sun and McDonough(1989)

Fig. 5. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns and primitive mantle-normalized trace element patterns of the Nantuo tillite in Jiulongwan section

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图 6 三峡地区九龙湾剖面南沱组冰碛岩的Sr-Nd同位素

崆岭杂岩，包括花岗质片麻岩和TTG岩套(Gao et al., 2011; Chen et al., 2013)；黄陵花岗岩基，包括黄陵庙、三斗坪、大老岭和晓峰岩套(Zhang et al., 2008a, 2009; Zhao et al., 2013)；扬子北缘，岩性包括奥长花岗岩、英云闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、混合岩、斜长角闪岩、变流纹岩和火山岩(凌文黎, 1996; 凌文黎等, 1997; Ling et al., 2003; Zhao and Zhou, 2008; 李永飞等, 2007)

Fig. 6. The Sr-Nd isotope compositions of tillite of the Nantuo formation in the Jiulongwan section

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表 1 扬子北部三峡地区九龙湾剖面南沱组冰碛岩样品描述

Table 1. Sample description of tillite of the Nantuo formation in the Jiulongwan section, northern Yangze block

样品号	样品描述	样品位置
NT0601	灰绿色块状冰碛含砾砂岩，含砾10%~15%，砾径为0.5~2.0 mm，次棱角状，砾石有泥质岩、花岗岩、石英等
NT0602	粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩，冰碛岩中挑选出来的砾石，含有斜长石、钾长石、石英和少量黑云母等矿物
NT0603	浅灰色扁圆状冰碛含砾粉砂岩，砾石含量低，砾径小，主要有石英、泥岩等
NT0604	深灰色块状冰碛含砾砂岩，砾石含量低，主要有石英、泥岩等，有的石英砾径长达3 mm	30°46′58.7″N 111°02′01.0″E
NT0605	灰绿色块状冰碛砂岩
NT0607	灰色块状冰碛石英中砂岩，含有石英和绢云母等
NT0608	深灰色扁圆状冰碛细砂岩，含有石英等
NT0609	深灰色块状冰碛含砾粉砂岩
NT0610	粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩，冰碛岩中挑选出来的砾石，主要矿物为石英、斜长石、钾长石和黑云母等	30°48′31.1″N 111°03′26.2″E
NT0611	深灰色块状冰碛细砂岩，含有石英等
NT0612	花岗质岩石，冰碛岩中挑选出来的砾石，钾长石斑晶比较大，直径长达约3 cm
NT0613	凝灰质火山岩，含杂砾泥质岩，砾石成分复杂多样，大小不一，大至几十厘米，小至小于1 cm	30°48′31.2″N 111°03′26.0″E
NT0614	灰绿色块状冰碛含砾砂岩，含砾15%~20%，砾径为0.5~3.0 mm，次棱角状，砾石有泥质岩、石英等
NT0615	紫红色块状冰碛泥质砂岩
NT0616	灰白色凝灰质火山岩

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表 2 扬子北部三峡地区九龙湾剖面南沱组冰碛岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄

Table 2. U-Pb isotope data of zircons from tillite of Nantuo formation in Jiulongwan section, northern Yangtze bloek, obtained by the LA-ICPMS technique

表 3 扬子北部三峡地区南沱组冰碛岩全岩微量元素组成

Table 3. Trace-element concentrations (10^-6) for tillite of the Nantuo formation in the Jiulongwan section, northern Yangtze block

样品编号	NT0601	NT0602	NT0603	NT0604	NT0608	NT0609	NT0610	NT0611	NT0612	NT0615
Li	13.4	16.5	12.6	9.63	24.5	24.9	12.2	9.69	12.2	23.0
Be	0.36	4.22	0.96	0.34	0.55	1.37	3.71	0.94	1.54	1.99
Sc	8.74	1.10	5.79	5.12	4.31	12.1	0.95	8.92	3.03	12.2
V	14.3	3.41	9.51	17.4	24.8	73.0	12.4	41.1	27.5	70.3
Cr	4.99	5.50	8.92	42.4	9.26	48.3	6.14	17.3	8.34	58.5
Co	3.56	1.30	1.66	3.80	7.26	14.1	2.30	6.94	5.01	11.5
Ni	6.85	5.19	7.81	10.9	30.4	31.2	4.10	11.4	9.34	24.1
Cu	12.3	1.72	17.0	6.48	33.4	24.9	6.19	21.7	5.82	17.2
Ga	18.3	22.4	14.7	6.92	13.6	19	21.0	16.3	19.1	17.1
Rb	46.2	339	69.0	33.7	36.1	78.8	198	93.6	48.8	88.2
Sr	196	88.3	76.6	53.3	196	67.7	125	84.9	615	115
Y	31.7	8.73	23.9	22.1	31.6	29.3	6.41	24.6	15.1	29.6
Zr	174	54.1	214	123	226	196	110	230	193	246
Nb	6.01	12.1	10.8	3.86	8.03	11.2	7.87	8.20	6.52	10.9
Cs	6.15	6.64	2.17	1.32	3.32	4.21	4.89	5.12	1.36	3.77
Ba	622	984	372	410	2 772	729	471	320	1 141	1 280
La	29.5	16.5	63.2	31.1	24.7	25.2	15.0	12.5	47.2	35.3
Ce	59.8	26.0	121	49.2	51.7	50.2	27.9	28.9	83.5	70.2
Pr	7.16	3.30	13.2	7.17	6.19	6.20	2.85	3.79	10.4	8.20
Nd	27.8	11.2	42.3	27.2	25.0	24.6	9.83	15.7	36.6	31.2
Sm	5.48	2.18	5.50	5.07	5.15	5.25	1.75	3.54	5.76	6.09
Eu	1.04	0.39	1.08	1.03	1.57	1.16	0.64	0.77	1.29	1.31
Gd	4.53	1.58	4.22	4.21	4.59	4.53	1.38	3.16	4.10	5.21
Tb	0.70	0.22	0.54	0.62	0.73	0.74	0.17	0.56	0.50	0.82
Dy	4.58	1.24	3.41	3.54	4.51	4.59	0.88	3.53	2.56	4.97
Ho	1.07	0.23	0.73	0.68	0.96	0.95	0.16	0.77	0.43	1.00
Er	3.55	0.70	2.37	1.91	2.86	2.76	0.47	2.27	1.23	2.91
Tm	0.64	0.11	0.38	0.28	0.45	0.44	0.07	0.36	0.17	0.46
Yb	4.80	0.73	2.58	1.86	3.04	2.88	0.45	2.41	1.15	2.96
Lu	0.80	0.11	0.40	0.29	0.50	0.45	0.07	0.39	0.17	0.46
Hf	4.75	2.05	5.45	2.84	5.21	4.97	3.52	5.53	4.62	6.18
Ta	0.70	1.41	0.65	0.24	0.44	0.70	0.63	0.45	0.87	0.71
Pb	28.0	26.7	16.2	8.17	5.37	6.09	46.0	20.6	24.5	6.57
Th	12.5	9.05	8.67	5.89	5.66	9.97	32.6	6.38	13.2	8.63
U	1.73	1.23	1.65	0.71	1.18	1.51	6.98	1.63	1.05	1.38
ΣREE	150.7	64.4	260.5	133.9	131.5	129.5	61.6	78.3	194.9	170.6
(La/Yb)_N	4.4	16.2	17.6	12.0	5.8	6.3	23.9	3.7	29.4	8.6
Eu/Eu^*	0.32	0.17	0.37	0.53	0.57	0.36	0.32	0.31	0.38	0.39
Ce/Ce^*	0.95	0.78	0.95	0.75	0.97	0.93	0.93	1.02	0.86	0.94
注：N为球粒陨石标准化后的值；Eu/Eu^=Eu/(SmGd)^0.5；Ce/Ce^*=3Ce/(2La+Nd)(Boynton, 1984).

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表 4 扬子北部三峡地区九龙湾剖面南沱组冰碛岩全岩Sr-Nd同位素组成

Table 4. Sr and Nd isotopic composition of whole-rock samples of tillite of the Nantuo formation in the Jiulongwan section, northern Yangtze block

样品编号	Rb (10^-6)	Sr (10^-6)	⁸⁷Rb/⁸⁶Sr	⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr	2σ_m (10^-6)	⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_(t)	Sm (10^-6)	Nd (10^-6)	¹⁴⁷Sm/¹⁴⁴Nd	¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd	2σ_m (10^-6)	T_DM^* (Ma)	T_DM2⁺ (Ma)	ε_Nd(t)
NT0601	46.2	196.0	0.683	0.718 511	10	0.712 327	5.48	27.8	0.119 2	0.512 098	6	1.69	1.52	-4.2
NT0602	339.0	88.3	11.270	0.861 078	12	0.758 957	2.18	11.2	0.117 7	0.511 872	7	2.02	1.82	-8.5
NT0603	69.0	76.6	2.611	0.725 601	11	0.701 953	5.50	42.3	0.078 6	0.511 982	5	1.32	1.45	-3.2
NT0604	33.7	53.3	1.832	0.722 552	11	0.705 958	5.07	27.2	0.112 7	0.512 063	7	1.64	1.53	-4.4
NT0605	23.9	351.0	0.197	0.713 709	9	0.711 924	2.83	16.1	0.106 2	0.511 634	8	2.14	2.07	-12.3
NT0607	10.6	192.0	0.160	0.713 271	11	0.711 823	4.61	25.1	0.111 0	0.511 998	5	1.71	1.61	-5.5
NT0608	36.1	196.0	0.533	0.713 923	11	0.709 093	5.15	25.0	0.124 5	0.512 133	6	1.73	1.51	-4.0
NT0609	78.8	67.7	3.376	0.731 690	11	0.701 115	5.25	24.6	0.129 0	0.512 154	7	1.79	1.50	-4.0
NT0610	198.0	125.0	4.623	0.797 533	13	0.755 657	1.75	9.83	0.107 6	0.511 103	7	2.92	2.79	-22.7
NT0611	93.6	84.9	3.195	0.725 033	13	0.696 092	3.54	15.7	0.136 3	0.512 581	5	1.12	0.97	3.8
NT0612	48.8	615.0	0.230	0.718 761	11	0.716 679	5.76	36.6	0.095 1	0.510 683	5	3.15	3.28	-29.9
NT0615	88.2	115.0	2.222	0.723 575	12	0.703 445	6.09	31.2	0.118 0	0.512 081	7	1.70	1.54	-4.5
注：Rb、Sr、Sm和Nd的含量是在ICP-MS上测量的；t为同位素比值初始值；ε_Nd(t)的测量参数据Bouvier et al.(2008)；.单阶段模式年龄的计算据DePaolo(1981)；+二阶段模式年龄据Liew and Hofmann(1988)；Sr和Nd同位素组成的初始值据Condon et al*.(2005)回算到635 Ma.

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