Deformational Characteristics and Geochronological Constraints of Quxu Ductile Shear Zone in Middle Gangdese Magmatic Belt, South Tibet
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摘要: 藏南曲水地区鸡公-色甫韧性剪切带系统的运动学和动力学研究，不仅对造山带构造研究具有重要理论意义，而且对青藏高原中-南部区域地质研究具有推进作用.作为藏南冈底斯岩浆带曲水岩基中的重要断裂构造，曲水韧性剪切带经历了新生代以来的大规模构造变形，其中走滑剪切作用最为显著，整体表现为右行走滑为主.通过对曲水剪切带中的构造片岩、初糜棱岩、糜棱岩以及长英质脉体等野外观测并结合室内镜下薄片以及石英EBSD(electron backscatter diffraction)组构分析，认为曲水剪切带主要经历了一期韧性变形事件.根据石英-长石变形矿物对并结合石英EBSD组构分析得出，构造变形发生的温度大约为500~550 ℃，高绿片岩相到角闪岩相.剪切带内普遍发育有不对称的褶皱、构造透镜体、σ碎斑、S-C组构和石香肠等变形组构，显示出右行走滑的特征.对研究区34组糜棱面理和9组拉伸线理进行极射赤平投影，糜棱面理的优选方位约为355°∠70°，拉伸线理产状约为95°∠8°.此外，在糜棱岩中发育两类长英质脉体，根据野外分布特征、显微组构、锆石成因学以及岩石地球化学特征综合研究认为，两类长英质脉体为同构造剪切脉体，其年代学可以对剪切带的形成时限起到很好的制约.通过对两套长英质脉体分别进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年，得到了38.67±0.88 Ma和35.05±0.29 Ma两组加权平均年龄，表明了曲水剪切带韧性变形发生于35~38 Ma的始新世末期(普利亚本期).这一年龄值处于印度-亚洲大陆晚碰撞期，因此曲水韧性剪切带右行走滑事件可能是印度板块持续向北俯冲，构造应力在欧亚板块边缘释放引起的陆内构造响应.Abstract: The systematic kinematic and dynamic researches of Jigong-Sefu ductile shear zone not only have theoretical significance for the orogenic tectonics, but also advance geological studies of the middle-southern segments of the Tibetan plateau. Quxu ductile shear zone, a vital part of geological structures of Quxu batholith in Gangdese magmatic belt, has experienced large-scale structural deformations featuring with ductile strike-slip shearing, predominantly of dextral shearing since Cenozoic (top to the east). Based on outcrop observations of structural schist, protomylonite, mylonite and felsic veins and thin section analyses as well as quartz EBSD fabric testing, one stage of ductile deformation was identified in the Quxu shear zone. It is found by mineral deformation geothermometer of quartz-feldspar and quartz EBSD fabric analyses that the shear zone is characterized by middle temperature deformations with 500-550 ℃ (from high greenschist facies to amphibolite facies). Structural deformation of the Quxu shear zone observed in South Tibet reveals that the asymmetric folds, structural lenses, σ porphyroclast, S-C fabrics and boudinages are good indicators, which suggest a dextral strike-slip shearing. Average values of 34 mylonitic foliations and 9 stretching lineation are 355°∠70° and 95°∠8°. Moreover, two kinds of granitic veins were identified in the Quxu shear zone. Combined with field occurrence, microstructures, zircon CL features and geochemistry of the felsic veins, we interpret that the two kinds of granitic veins are syn-tectonic shearing intrusions, whose ages can make an accurate geochronological constraint on the formation of the Quxu shear zone. LA-ICP-MS zircon dating of the granitic veins yields ages of 38.67±0.88 Ma and 35.05±0.29 Ma, respectively, further indicating that the Quxu shear zone started at 35-38 Ma (Priabonian stage of Eocene). The shearing time is consistent with that of the late stage of the Indian-Asian plate collision. Therefore, it is concluded that the Quxu shear zone might be related to continuous northward subduction of the Indian plate, corresponding to tectonic stress relation and an intra-continental deformation event.
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图 1 青藏高原及邻区大地构造图(a)、冈底斯中段曲水岩基分布(b)和研究区及样品分布(c)
1.花岗岩类；2.晚侏罗世到晚白垩世沉积地层；3.林子宗火山岩；4.冈底斯岩群；5.石英闪长岩；6.花岗岩；7.紫苏花岗岩；8.晚侏罗世多底沟组；9.桑日群火山岩；10.修康岩群；11.噶学岩群；12.长英质脉体；13.剪切带；14.断层；15.采样点(绿色五角星为花岗质糜棱岩采样点；蓝色五角星为同构造脉体采样点；白色五角星为薄片采样点)；16.G318国道；图a据Ji et al.(2009)；图b和c据1:250 000区域地质图修改
Fig. 1. Tectonic framework of the southern Tibet (a), simplified geologic map of Quxu batholith (b) and study area and sampling locations (c)
图 2 韧性剪切带野外露头尺度构造特征
a.研究区野外露头(鸡公村观测点)；b.剪切带中的花岗质糜棱岩；c.向北陡倾的糜棱面理；d, e.剪切带中的非对称褶皱；f.同构造的剪切脉体；g.构造片岩中褶皱和布丁化的脉体；h~j.σ型碎斑；k~l.糜棱岩XY面上的拉伸线理
Fig. 2. Outcrop structural characteristics of the Quxu ductile shear zone
图 3 曲水韧性剪切带极射赤平投影
图为等面积下半球投影；大圆弧线为面理投影，空心圆点为线理投影
Fig. 3. Stereograms of the foliation and mineral stretching lineation for observation sites along the Quxu shear zone
图 4 韧性剪切带显微尺度构造特征
Pl.斜长石；Kf.钾长石；Qtz.石英；Bt.黑云母；S.糜棱面理；C.剪切面理
Fig. 4. Microstructural characteristics of Quxu ductile shear zone
图 5 长英质脉体野外及镜下显微照
a~b.岩枝状脉体；c.岩墙状脉体.Pl.斜长石；Qtz.石英
Fig. 5. Outcrops and microstructures of felsic veins in Quxu shear zone
图 6 研究区花岗质糜棱岩及同构造剪切脉稀土配分模式图(a)和微量元素蜘蛛网图(b)
球粒陨石标准化据Boynton(1984)；原始地幔值据Sun and McDonough(1989)
Fig. 6. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns (a) and primitive mantle-normalized trace earth element patterns (b) for mylonite and syn-tectonic veins in Quxu region
图 7 曲水剪切带糜棱岩(Xk1-1-1) 及同构造脉(Xk1-1-2和Xk1-1-3) 中典型锆石阴极发光图像
Fig. 7. CL images of zircon grains of mylonite (Xk1-1-1) and syn-tectonic veins (Xk1-1-2和Xk1-1-3) from Quxu shear zone
图 8 曲水剪切带糜棱岩(Xk1-1-1) 及同构造脉锆石(Xk1-1-2 and Xk1-1-3) U-Pb年龄谐和图
Fig. 8. U-Pb age concordia diagrams for zircons from granitic the mylonites (Xk1-1-1) and syn-tectonic veins (Xk1-1-2 and Xk1-1-3) in Quxu shear zone
图 10 曲水韧性剪切带中矿物变形的显微照片
Kf.钾长石；Bt.黑云母；Pl.斜长石；Qtz.石英；Qtz1.石英新晶粒；Qtz2.石英老晶粒
Fig. 10. Micrographs of mineral deformations and LPOs of quartz in Quxu ductile shear zone
图 11 拉萨地体主要逆冲断裂分布
据Yin et al.(1994)；Li et al.(2015)修改
Fig. 11. Distribution sketch of major thrust belts in Lhasa terrane, southern Tibet
表 1 花岗质糜棱岩及长英质脉体岩石地球化学成分
Table 1. Major and trace elemental data for mylonitic granite and felsic veins in Quxu region
样品号 CT7-3-1 CT7-3-4 CT7-4-3 CT7-4-7 CT7-7-2 CT7-7-8 SiO2 71.7 75.5 62.8 62.8 77.1 76.8 Al2O3 15.75 13.15 16.35 16.20 12.75 12.4 BaO 0.12 0.09 0.06 0.06 0.03 0.06 CaO 2.14 1.01 4.24 4.38 1.28 0.64 Cr2O3 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 ＜0.01 Fe2O3 1.09 0.67 4.97 4.83 0.59 0.58 K2O 4.06 5.68 3.09 3.02 3.9 5.48 MgO 0.31 0.15 2.2 2.14 0.16 0.08 MnO 0.02 0.01 0.10 0.10 0.01 0.01 Na2O 4.20 2.78 3.95 3.95 3.53 2.82 P2O5 0.04 0.02 0.19 0.19 0.01 0.01 SrO 0.07 0.04 0.07 0.07 0.02 0.02 TiO2 0.15 0.11 0.53 0.53 0.1 0.07 LOI 0.29 0.19 0.89 1.1 0.17 0.31 Ti 0.08 0.06 0.31 0.31 0.05 0.04 Sc 1 1 10 8 1 1 Ti 0.08 0.06 0.31 0.31 0.05 0.04 Ba 984 770 496 490 128.5 487 Cr ＜10 ＜10 20 10 ＜10 ＜10 Cs 1.04 1.43 6.78 6.43 1.49 0.91 Ga 16.0 13.7 18.2 18.7 14.9 12.3 Hf 2.6 2.0 4.2 4.1 3.0 3.1 Nb 1.4 1.9 4.9 4.7 1.7 1.6 Rb 47.2 74.2 71.0 70.6 56.3 57.5 Sn ＜1 ＜1 1 1 ＜1 ＜1 Sr 605.0 354.0 583.0 579.0 136.5 156.0 Ta 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.2 Th 10.30 8.63 7.11 8.99 21.90 22.40 Zr 88 64 154 150 71 89 U 0.99 1.11 2.21 2.17 2.15 1.84 V 13 12 109 107 6 8 W 1 ＜1 1 1 ＜1 ＜1 Y 2.5 2.8 14.4 12.0 2.4 3.1 La 19.3 15.2 21.1 18.9 17.1 23.7 Ce 31.3 25.6 42.5 39.4 29.8 38.1 Pr 3.03 2.53 5.03 4.43 3.07 3.59 Nd 9.7 8.0 19.3 16.7 9.9 10.9 Sm 1.40 1.19 3.68 3.34 1.39 1.46 Eu 0.45 0.29 0.88 0.80 0.25 0.22 Gd 0.70 0.78 2.87 2.44 0.79 0.75 Tb 0.08 0.10 0.44 0.37 0.09 0.10 Dy 0.43 0.49 2.61 2.13 0.44 0.49 Ho 0.08 0.09 0.48 0.47 0.08 0.10 Er 0.29 0.23 1.49 1.26 0.25 0.32 Tm 0.04 0.04 0.24 0.21 0.04 0.05 Yb 0.29 0.34 1.54 1.21 0.29 0.36 Lu 0.05 0.06 0.25 0.21 0.05 0.06 Sr/Y 242 126 40 48 57 50 La/Yb 67 45 14 16 59 66 注：CT7-4-3和CT7-4-7为糜棱质花岗岩；CT7-3-1和CT7-3-4为岩墙状脉体；CT7-7-2和CT7-7-8为岩枝状脉体；主量元素单位为%；微量元素为10-6. 
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表 2 糜棱岩及长英质脉体的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果
Table 2. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb isotope data for mylonite and felsic veins in Quxu region
样品号 元素(10-6) 同位素比值 年龄比值(Ma) Th U Th/U 207Pb/206Pb ±1δ 207Pb/235U ±1δ 206Pb/238U ±1δ 207Pb/235U ±1δ 206Pb/238U ±1δ 样品Xk1-1-1为花岗质糜棱岩，加权平均年龄为49.99±0.76 Ma，MSWD=1.70 Xk1-1-1-1 1 932 941 2.05 0.048 20 0.002 42 0.051 91 0.002 72 0.007 81 0.000 13 51.00 3.00 50.20 0.80 Xk1-1-1-2 1 542 836 1.85 0.046 55 0.003 37 0.050 91 0.003 73 0.007 93 0.000 15 50.00 4.00 50.90 1.00 Xk1-1-1-3 1 082 606 1.78 0.045 95 0.003 77 0.049 39 0.004 09 0.007 80 0.000 15 49.00 4.00 50.10 1.00 Xk1-1-1-4 776 779 1.00 0.045 63 0.003 97 0.049 85 0.004 36 0.007 93 0.000 16 49.00 4.00 51.00 1.00 Xk1-1-1-5 1 151 473 2.43 0.047 45 0.007 93 0.050 74 0.008 38 0.007 76 0.000 26 50.00 8.00 50.00 2.00 Xk1-1-1-6 541 356 1.52 0.045 29 0.009 05 0.049 41 0.009 76 0.007 91 0.000 30 49.00 9.00 51.00 2.00 Xk1-1-1-7 715 477 1.50 0.046 50 0.003 53 0.050 57 0.003 89 0.007 89 0.000 14 50.00 4.00 50.70 0.90 Xk1-1-1-8 1 685 904 1.86 0.048 08 0.002 52 0.051 04 0.002 79 0.007 70 0.000 13 51.00 3.00 49.40 0.80 Xk1-1-1-9 1 057 689 1.53 0.048 16 0.005 89 0.051 55 0.006 25 0.007 76 0.000 21 51.00 6.00 50.00 1.00 Xk1-1-1-10 822 512 1.61 0.046 93 0.004 87 0.051 43 0.005 33 0.007 95 0.000 18 51.00 5.00 51.00 1.00 Xk1-1-1-11 1 322 706 1.87 0.047 59 0.003 23 0.053 31 0.003 68 0.008 13 0.000 15 53.00 4.00 52.20 1.00 Xk1-1-1-12 738 542 1.36 0.046 22 0.006 62 0.048 49 0.006 88 0.007 61 0.000 23 48.00 7.00 49.00 1.00 Xk1-1-1-13 624 406 1.54 0.048 04 0.004 30 0.049 67 0.004 47 0.007 50 0.000 15 49.00 4.00 48.20 1.00 Xk1-1-1-14 1 883 702 2.68 0.047 81 0.005 32 0.048 66 0.005 38 0.007 38 0.000 18 48.00 5.00 47.00 1.00 样品Xk1-1-2为岩枝状脉体，加权平均年龄为38.67±0.88 Ma，MSWD=3.00 Xk1-1-2-03 24 254 12 031 2.02 0.049 39 0.002 09 0.040 28 0.001 81 0.005 92 0.000 09 40.00 2.00 38.00 1.00 Xk1-1-2-04 7 518 6 303 1.19 0.046 05 0.001 38 0.035 92 0.000 95 0.005 66 0.000 08 36.00 1.00 36.00 1.00 Xk1-1-2-06 3 027 3 508 0.86 0.047 33 0.002 02 0.039 88 0.001 82 0.006 12 0.000 10 40.00 2.00 39.00 1.00 Xk1-1-2-07 264 221 1.20 0.046 74 0.014 22 0.040 49 0.012 19 0.006 29 0.000 32 40.00 12.00 40.00 2.00 Xk1-1-2-08 1 072 632 1.70 0.046 41 0.010 63 0.038 53 0.008 70 0.006 03 0.000 27 38.00 9.00 39.00 2.00 Xk1-1-2-09 2 650 1 050 2.52 0.049 53 0.007 36 0.042 81 0.006 27 0.006 27 0.000 21 43.00 6.00 40.00 1.00 Xk1-1-2-10 543 324 1.68 0.046 68 0.012 08 0.039 70 0.010 16 0.006 17 0.000 28 40.00 10.00 40.00 2.00 Xk1-1-2-12 17 642 7 176 2.46 0.049 81 0.002 03 0.040 93 0.001 79 0.005 97 0.000 09 41.00 2.00 38.00 1.00 Xk1-1-2-13 9 882 6 143 1.61 0.049 69 0.002 62 0.039 91 0.002 18 0.005 83 0.000 10 40.00 2.00 38.00 1.00 Xk1-1-2-14 9 749 4 474 2.18 0.047 20 0.002 38 0.041 24 0.002 17 0.006 34 0.000 11 41.00 2.00 41.00 1.00 Xk1-1-2-15 3 650 2 136 1.71 0.047 53 0.002 64 0.040 76 0.002 34 0.006 22 0.000 11 41.00 2.00 40.00 1.00 样品Xk1-1-3为岩墙状脉体，加权平均年龄为35.05±0.29 Ma，MSWD=0.98 Xk1-1-3-1 49 053 30 176 1.63 0.047 05 0.001 08 0.035 48 0.001 03 0.005 47 0.000 08 35.00 1.00 35.00 0.50 Xk1-1-3-3 6 474 11 291 0.57 0.048 78 0.002 94 0.037 21 0.002 29 0.005 54 0.000 10 37.00 2.00 36.00 0.60 Xk1-1-3-4 4 494 19 785 0.23 0.046 20 0.001 41 0.035 24 0.000 95 0.005 53 0.000 08 35.00 1.00 36.00 0.50 Xk1-1-3-5 2 755 11 020 0.25 0.046 26 0.001 36 0.035 66 0.001 22 0.005 59 0.000 08 36.00 1.00 36.00 0.50 Xk1-1-3-6 23 012 14 874 1.55 0.048 70 0.001 78 0.036 59 0.001 47 0.005 45 0.000 08 36.00 1.00 35.00 0.50 Xk1-1-3-7 109 693 33 468 3.28 0.049 58 0.001 51 0.037 03 0.00 13 0.005 42 0.000 08 37.00 1.00 35.00 0.50 Xk1-1-3-8 139 855 33 143 4.22 0.047 66 0.001 15 0.035 19 0.001 05 0.005 36 0.000 07 35.00 1.00 35.00 0.40 Xk1-1-3-9 6 042 11 069 0.55 0.047 28 0.001 27 0.035 68 0.001 15 0.005 48 0.000 08 36.00 1.00 35.00 0.50 Xk1-1-3-10 55 033 16 627 3.31 0.048 68 0.001 82 0.036 03 0.001 47 0.005 37 0.000 08 36.00 1.00 35.00 0.50 Xk1-1-3-13 10 635 13 871 0.77 0.048 76 0.001 95 0.035 94 0.001 55 0.005 35 0.000 08 36.00 2.00 34.00 0.50 Xk1-1-3-14 86 225 15 868 5.43 0.046 37 0.001 88 0.035 10 0.001 53 0.005 49 0.000 09 35.00 2.00 35.00 0.60 Xk1-1-3-15 9 751 14 488 0.67 0.050 68 0.002 15 0.038 13 0.001 73 0.005 46 0.000 09 38.00 2.00 35.00 0.60
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