Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Source Rocks in Yanchang Formation Sequence Framework, Ordos Basin
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摘要: 三叠系延长组是鄂尔多斯盆地中生界重要的含油气层位，属典型的岩性油藏，具有含油层位多、成藏关系复杂的特点，其中烃源岩发育特征对岩性油藏分布具有重要的控制作用.基于露头和测井资料，将鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组自下而上划分为SQ1、SQ2和SQ3三个三级层序，研究了层序地层格架控制下烃源岩的发育特征及其控制因素.研究结果表明：主力烃源岩赋存于湖侵体系域，以长7段为代表，属湖泊扩张至最大湖泛期物源补给欠补偿时半深湖-深湖相沉积，缺乏大量陆源碎屑注入而发育腐泥组占绝对优势的高有机质丰度烃源岩.高位体系域亦发育有烃源岩，如长9段和长6-4+5段，属最大湖泛期后物源补给超过基准面上升而向湖盆推进的滨湖相、浅湖相沉积，陆源碎屑输入致其表现为腐植型占优势且具较高有机质丰度的烃源岩.油源对比显示延长组油源主要来自晚三叠世延长组最大湖泛期形成的长7段湖侵体系域，说明不同体系域烃源岩对延长组油藏的贡献存在差异.层序地层沉积动力背景下体系域可容纳空间垂向与侧向变化，不仅决定体系域内部沉积相类型展布，更直接控制体系域内烃源岩有机质丰度和类型.研究层序地层格架中不同体系域内烃源岩赋存的差异性，有助于在层序沉积背景下预测和评价盆地内烃源岩分布规律.Abstract: The Triassic Yanchang Formation, the most important oil and gas horizon in Ordos Basin, is a typical lithologic reservoir characterized by mass oil-bearing and complex hydrocarbon accumulation, and characteristics of its source rocks are the main controlling factors of lithologic reservoir distribution. Based on outcrops and well log data, this paper divides the Yangchang Formation into three sequences including SQ1, SQ2 and SQ3 upwards to research the characteristics and controlling factors of source rocks within sequence framework. The results show that the primary source rock occurred in expansive system tract, and is characterized by Chang7 source rock belonging to semi-deep lake and deep lake underfilled type deposits during the lake maximum flood period; meanwhile, the sapropel-type kerogen source rocks with a higher organic matter abundance are dominant due to the lack of terrigenous clastic supply. There are also source rocks in highstand system tract such as Chang9 and Chang6 to Chang 4+5 belonging to the deposition of lake-shore, shallow lake facies, in which terrigenous clastic supply makes humic type source rock dominant also with a relative high organic matter abundance. The crude oil of Yanchang Formation in the study area is primarily from Chang7 within expansive systems tract during maximum flooding period of Late Triassic according to crude oil correlation, which implies that contributions of source rocks in different system tracts to Yanchang reservoir vary. The vertical and lateral change of accommodation under sequence stratigraphic sedimentary dynamics setting not only decides the distribution of sedimentary facies types, but also directly controls the abundance and type of organic materials within system tracts. The difference of source rock occurrences between system tracts in sequence framework facilitates prediction and evaluation of distribution laws of source rocks in the sedimentary setting of basin.
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图 1 研究区构造位置和延长组层序划分
Fig. 1. Location of the study area and sequence dividion of Yanchang Formation
图 2 研究区延长组层序界面类型露头
a.长8油层组底冲刷面；b.长9油层组最大湖泛面；c.长6油层组底冲刷面；d.长7油层组最大湖泛面
Fig. 2. The typical outcrops of sequence boundaries in Yanchang Formation in study area
图 4 研究区不同层序内主力烃源岩TOC与S1+S2关系
Fig. 4. Relationships between TOC and S1+S2 in primary source rocks within different sequences in study area
图 5 研究区不同层序主力烃源岩干酪根元素组成及热解参数分类
Fig. 5. Classification of kerogen elementary composition and pyrolysis parameter of primary source rocks within different sequences in study area
图 6 研究区不同层序主力烃源岩有机显微组分百分含量
Fig. 6. The percent content of organics maceral in primary source rocks within different sequences in study area
图 7 延长组原油及烃源岩正构烷烃及甾、萜烷特征
Fig. 7. Characteristics of n-alkane steranes and terpanes in crude oil and source rocks of Yanchang Formation
图 8 延长组原油及不同层序烃源岩生物标志化合物参数分布
Fig. 8. Biological marker distribution of crude oil and source rock in Yanchang Formation
图 9 研究区HH3井层序内烃源岩特征综合柱状图
岩性图例同图 1
Fig. 9. Sequence stratigraphic column of source rock in HH3 well in study area
表 1 研究区不同层序主力烃源岩有机质丰度分布
Table 1. Organic matter abundance distribution of primary source rocks within different sequences in study area
烃源岩类型 TOC(%) S1+S2(mg/g) 沥青“A”(%) 总烃含量(μg/g) 评价结果 范围 平均值 范围 平均值 范围 平均值 范围 平均值 SQ3-HST 0.32~15.10 1.52 0.19~74.83 0.83 0.02~0.72 0.09 4.58~598.81 245.23 中等-好烃源岩 SQ2-HST 0.28~34.91 8.16 0.10~125.04 35.42 0.04~1.28 0.51 35.42~4539.06 1299.36 好烃源岩 SQ1-HST 0.23~21.59 2.98 0.18~66.03 12.36 0.02~0.70 0.23 53.73~3763.99 850.39 中等-好烃源岩 注：SQ3-HST的TOC、S1+S2值和沥青“A”测试样品数均为31个.总炫含品数为14个：SQ2-FST的TOC和S1+S2值测试样品数均为47个.沥青“A”和总烃含量测试样品数均为20个；SQ1-HST的TOC和S1+S2值测试样品数均为27个，沥青“A”和总烃含量测试样品数均为12个. 
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表 2 延长组不同沉积环境中烃源岩地球化学特征
Table 2. The geochemical characteristic of source rock in different sediment environment of Yanchang Formation
分析样品 有机质丰度 类型 显微组分(%) 生标参数 井号 层序 沉积相 TOC(%) S1+S2(mg/g) 沥青“A” 腐泥组 壳质组 镜质组 惰质组 C21-/C22+ ααα20RC27/C29 Pr/Ph HH78 SQ3 泛滥平原 6.05 21.19 0.09 Ⅱ2 30 24 35 10 0.72 1.28 1.59 HH3 SQ3 泛滥平原 1.78 6.42 0.40 Ⅱ2 40 27 30 4 0.89 1.38 1.65 HH66 SQ3 泛滥平原 3.74 1.44 0.02 Ⅲ 24 12 57 7 0.52 2.43 2.93 HH66 SQ2 半深湖 6.93 28.12 0.25 Ⅱ1 44 31 19 6 1.11 1.47 1.53 HH65 SQ2 半深湖 10.10 59.26 0.67 Ⅱ1 46 36 11 6 1.24 1.50 1.45 HH9 SQ2 半深湖 7.49 31.45 0.29 Ⅱ2 34 36 25 6 1.14 1.45 1.72 HH3 SQ2 半深湖 9.04 47.35 0.30 Ⅱ1 44 31 21 5 0.84 1.27 1.40 HH5 SQ2 半深湖 34.90 125.00 0.84 Ⅱ1 44 31 18 6 0.88 1.34 1.48 HH28 SQ1 滨浅湖 1.93 7.71 0.01 Ⅱ2 30 19 36 24 0.51 2.62 1.92 HH3 SQ1 滨浅湖 3.90 27.12 0.27 Ⅱ2 33 18 36 13 0.78 1.60 1.63 HH5 SQ1 滨浅湖 5.58 21.11 0.16 Ⅱ2 33 18 36 14 0.72 1.86 1.69 HH9 SQ1 滨浅湖 3.92 17.36 0.43 Ⅱ1 44 11 35 10 0.59 1.96 1.74 HH3 SQ1 三角洲前缘 1.31 2.00 0.02 Ⅱ2 26 25 36 13 0.57 1.93 1.66 HH65 SQ1 三角洲前缘 0.58 0.51 0.01 Ⅱ2 28 31 21 20 0.55 1.93 2.72 HH5 SQ1 三角洲前缘 2.01 3.78 0.03 Ⅱ2 37 15 23 25 0.62 1.95 1.68
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