Calcareous Nannofossils and Foraminifera Biostratigraphy on the Northeastern Slope of the South China Sea and Variation in Sedimentation Rates
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摘要: 2013年我国首次在南海东北部东沙陆坡实施天然气水合物钻探，并获取块状等可视天然气水合物样品.为了解钻区地层、天然气水合物产出带(the zone of gas hydrate occurrence)或天然气水合物储层的地层时代和沉积速率特征，对其中5个站位(GMGS05、GMGS07、GMGS08、GMGS09和GMGS16) 的岩心沉积物进行钙质超微化石、有孔虫生物地层学和沉积速率变化的研究.钻孔取心最大深度为213.55 m.共识别出第四纪中更新世以来3个钙质超微化石事件和2个有孔虫事件，确定了钻探区所钻达最老地层为中更新统；天然气水合物产出带的地层时代为中更新世-全新世约0.44 Ma以来.钻区0.12 Ma以来的沉积速率介于36.9~73.3 cm/ka之间，平均值高达54.2 cm/ka，0.44 Ma以来平均沉积速率为47.4 cm/ka，表明东沙海域天然气水合物钻探区位于一高沉积速率堆积体上，高沉积速率更有利于天然气水合物的成藏，该结论与前人研究结果一致.Abstract: Middle Pleistocene to Holocene calcareous nannofossils and foraminifera biostratigraphy in 5 sites (GMGS05、GMGS07、GMGS08、GMGS09 and GMGS16) from the Dongsha gas hydrate drilling area of the northeastern South China Sea have been studied. A total of 3 nannofossils events and 2 foraminifera events from middle Pleistocene to Holocene were recognized. The oldest sediments recovered are in an age of middle Pleistocene, younger than 0.50 Ma, the age assigned for gas hydrate occurrence zone is middle Pleistocene to Holocene in sites GMGS05、GMGS07、GMGS08 and GMGS16.Sedimentation rates varied from 36.9 cm/ka to 73.3 cm/ka, and reaching the highest average value 54.2 cm/ka since 0.12 Ma in the Dongsha gas hydrate drilling area. The mean sedimentation rate has been 47.4 cm/ka since 0.44 Ma.The results suggested that the gas hydrate drilling area is located at sedimentary body with high sedimentation rate, which is advantageous to gas hydrate formation. This conclusion is consistent with the previous research.
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图 1 南海东北部天然气水合物钻探区地理位置及钻孔位置
Fig. 1. The geography location and sites location in the Dongsha gas hydrate-drilling area of SCS
图 2 钻探区各站位带化石Emiliania huxleyi百分含量及其初现面分布
Fig. 2. Variation in percentage of E. huxleyi for 5 sites in the Dongsha gas hydrate-drilling area of SCS
图 3 GMGS16站位Globigerinoides ruber(pink)的丰度、百分含量及其初(末)现面分布
Fig. 3. Abundence and percentage of G. ruber(pink) in site GMGS16
图 4 钻探区5个站位生物地层划分与对比
Fig. 4. Correlation of calcareous nannofossils and foraminifera zones and events among sites from the Dongsha gas hydrate-drilling area in SCS
图 5 GMGS16站位深度-年龄关系(据钙质超微化石、有孔虫生物事件)
Fig. 5. Sedimentation rates (left) and age-depth plot (right) for site GMGS16 based on calcareous nannofossils and foraminifera
表 1 南海中更新世以来钙质超微化石、有孔虫事件及年代
Table 1. Calcareous nannofossils and foraminifera events chronology scheme since Middle Pleitocene in South China Sea
事件 属种 年龄(Ma) B AcmeEmiliania huxleyi 0.09 T Globigerinoides ruber(pink) 0.12 B Emiliania huxleyi 0.29 B Globigerinoides ruber(pink) 0.40 T Pseudoemiliania lacunosa 0.44 注：B=Base/FO初现面(First Occurrence)；T=Top/LO末现面(Last Occurrence). 
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表 2 南海东北部天然气水合物钻探区各站位生物事件的深度(mbsf,海底以下深度)分布
Table 2. The depths of bioevents at sites GMGS05,GMGS07,GMGS08,GMGS09 and GMGS16
生物事件 生物类型 年龄(Ma) 深度(mbsf) GMGS5 GMGS7 GMGS8 GMGS9 GMGS16 B E.huxleyi Acme 钙质超微化石 中更新世以来 0.09 56.27>203.30 44.30>74.76 67.90>93.84 88.00>104.85 44.00 T G.ruber(pink) 有孔虫 0.12 61.50 B E.Huxleyi 钙质超微化石 0.29 167.30 B G.ruber(pink) 有孔虫 0.40 197.60 T P.Lacunose 钙质超微化石 0.44 213.45 钻孔取心最大深度(mbsf) 203.30 74.76 93.84 104.95 213.55
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表 3 南海东北部天然气水合物钻探区各站位0.12 Ma以来的沉积速率(cm/ka)
Table 3. Variation in sedimentation rates since 0.12 Ma in gas hydrate-drilling area of the northeastern SCS
站位 0.12 Ma以来 T G.ruber(pink)(cm) 厚度(cm) 沉积速率(cm/ka) GMGS05 5 627 5 627 46.9 GMGS07 4 430 4 430 36.9 GMGS08 6 790 6 790 56.6 GMGS09 8 800 8 800 73.3 GMGS16 6 150 6 150 51.3
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表 4 南海天然气水合物钻探区沉积速率的比对
Table 4. Comparison of sedimentation rates between Shenhu and Dongsha gas hydrate-drilling areas in SCS
航次 站位 岩心长(m) 沉积速率(cm/ka) 钻井底部年代(Ma) 钻达地层 天然气水合物层位 全新世 更新世 上新世 中新世 南海天然气水合物钻探 神狐海域(GMGS1)(陈芳等，2013) SH1B 261.86 26.25 2.02 2.94 ＞5.85 ＜7.362 中新统 中新统 ★SH2B 238.85 -- 1.96 3.27 ＞4.18 ＜7.362 中新统 SH5C 175.17 34.16 5.16 -- ~4.470 上新统 ★SH7B 194.18 20.00 5.71 1.88 7.018 中新统 中新统-上新统 东沙海域(GMGS2) ★GMGS05 203.30 46.90 ＜0.290 中更新统 中更新统以来 ★GMGS07 74.76 36.90 ＜0.290 中更新统 中更新统以来 ★GMGS08 93.84 56.60 ＜0.290 中更新统 中更新统以来 GMGS09 104.95 73.30 ＜0.290 中更新统 ★GMGS16 213.55 51.30 ~0.440 中更新统 中更新统以来 注：★SH2B等代表钻取天然气水合物的站位.
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