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    工程地质学中冻土研究的系统与方法

    张泽 马巍 张中琼

    张泽, 马巍, 张中琼, 2016. 工程地质学中冻土研究的系统与方法. 地球科学, 41(2): 351-360. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2016.027
    引用本文: 张泽, 马巍, 张中琼, 2016. 工程地质学中冻土研究的系统与方法. 地球科学, 41(2): 351-360. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2016.027
    Zhang Ze, Ma Wei, Zhang Zhongqiong, 2016. System and Method of Geocryology in Engineering Geology. Earth Science, 41(2): 351-360. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2016.027
    Citation: Zhang Ze, Ma Wei, Zhang Zhongqiong, 2016. System and Method of Geocryology in Engineering Geology. Earth Science, 41(2): 351-360. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2016.027

    工程地质学中冻土研究的系统与方法

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2016.027
    基金项目: 

    国家自然科学基金项目 41301070

    国家自然科学基金项目 41301071

    国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目 2012CB026106

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      张泽(1981-),男,助理研究员,博士,主要从事寒区工程地质、冻土工程与环境等方向的研究.E-mail: zhangze@lzb.ac.cn

    • 中图分类号: P642.14

    System and Method of Geocryology in Engineering Geology

    • 摘要: 冻土属土质学范畴内的一种“特殊”土类,以地学研究的问题类型和俄罗斯工程地质学理论为基础,利用科学哲学的手段对冻土学研究的问题、系统类型、学科结构、研究任务、科学方法等方面进行了阐述.首先,对冻土进行了重新定义,从冻土的形态多样性入手说明了冻土学的研究对象;其次,提出冻土学中“今日”、“昨日”和“明日”3个问题;再次,针对冻土学研究的系统类型,并结合工程、冻土和环境的动态变化关系,将冻土学研究系统分为冻土-工程系统和冻土-环境系统,并从各个子系统(圈)的动态变化入手深入阐述其相互作用和相互制约的关系;然后,将广义工程地质学的学科结构应用于冻土学,并针对现今冻土学的发展状况,简要地展望了冻土学未来的理论-方法研究任务;最后对冻土学的科学研究方法进行了分类,并在此基础上阐述了冻土学与其他学科的相互联系.

       

    • 图  1  冻土中的冰

      Fig.  1.  Ice in the permafrost

      图  2  冻土学研究问题的类型:“今日”问题(形态学)、“昨日”问题(成因)和“明日”问题(预测)

      Fig.  2.  The types of researchable problem in Geocryology: problem of "Today"(morphology), problem of "Yesterday"(genesis) and problem of "Tomorrow"(prediction and forecast)

      图  3  土质学中的系统研究类型

      a.现实状态的自然-地质系统;b.理想状态的自然-工程-地质系统;c.现实状态的自然-工程-地质系统;据Trofimov et al.(2005)

      Fig.  3.  The types of researchable systerm in soil science

      图  4  冻土、工程、环境及人类社会的相互关系

      Fig.  4.  Relationships among permafrost, engineering, environment and human society

      图  5  工程-冻土-环境系统

      Fig.  5.  Engineering-permafrost-environment system

      图  6  冻土-工程系统

      Fig.  6.  Permafrost-engineering system

      图  7  冻土-环境系统

      Fig.  7.  Permafrost-environment system

      图  8  冻土学的学科结构

      Ⅰ.土质学;Ⅱ.工程地质动力学;Ⅲ.区域工程地质学;1.冻土土质学;2.冻土工程地质动力学;3.冻土区域工程地质学;a.冻土工程地质动力土质学;b.冻土区域工程动力地质学;c.冻土区域土质学

      Fig.  8.  Structure of disciplines in geocryology

      图  9  科学方法的分类

      Fig.  9.  The classification of the scientific method

      图  10  冻土学科学方法构成

      Fig.  10.  The classification of the scientific method in geocryology

      图  11  冻土学与其他学科联系

      Fig.  11.  Relationship of geocryology with other disciplines

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    • 收稿日期:  2015-07-03
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