Size-Frequency Distribution of Landslides in Different Landforms on the Loess Plateau of Northern Shaanxi
-
摘要: 黄土滑坡是西北地区最为严重的地质灾害.频率分布对于区域滑坡风险评估具有重要的意义，借鉴粒度分析方法研究黄土滑坡分布情况，提出滑坡规模径概念，并通过Gamma分布函数对滑坡规模频率曲线进行了拟合.结果表明：(1) 在区域尺度上，可以借鉴粒度分析的理论和方法分析区域滑坡规模百分含量；(2) 在双对数坐标下，频率曲线具有“偏转效应”，而Gamma分布函数在描述滑坡规模径频率分布方面具有广泛的适应性，能够很好地拟合黄土滑坡规模频率；(3) 无论是黄土滑坡的数量还是规模，以墚为主的黄土丘陵区宝塔区都是受滑坡灾害威胁最为严重的区域；但黄土地貌在由塬向峁区的演变过程中，黄土滑坡规模变异或离散程度逐渐减小.Abstract: Loess landslide is the most catastrophic geohazard in the northwest area of China. Frequency distribution plays an important role in prediction and risk assessment of landslides since it can be used to find out certain distribution laws in different landslides. In this paper, the loess landslide distribution is studied by using method of grain size analysis theory, and the authors put forward the concept of landslide size diameter and use the Gamma distribution curve to fit size-frequency of landslides in different landforms of the loess plateau. The results show that: (1) At the regional scale, landslides can be viewed as "particles" widely distributed in the area, regional landslide scale percentage and its distribution can be obtained by application of grain size analysis theories and methods; (2) At log-log coordinates, frequency curve has a "rollover effect", and the Gamma distribution function describes well the size frequency distribution of landslides; (3) The loess landslide scale variation or discrete degree decreases from loess tableland to loess hill in Baota district which is mainly covered by loess ridge suffering most serious threat of the landslide disasters both in number and size.
-
Key words:
- landslide /
- size-frequency /
- Gamma function /
- loess plateau
-
图 1 研究区位置
中国地图据中华人民共和国地图(1:22 000 000)，2010年第一版，星球地图出版社，北京
Fig. 1. Location of the study area
图 3 不同地貌类型区规模频率分布曲线偏转效应
Fig. 3. Rollover of cumulative magnitude-frequency curve for the landslides in different county and district
图 4 子洲县(黄土峁区)黄土滑坡三轴几何平均径Gamma P-P散点图(a)和无趋势Gamma P-P散点图(b)
Fig. 4. Gamma P-P plot (a) and detrended Gamma P-P plot (b) of landslide diameter in Zizhou County
图 5 宝塔区(黄土墚区)黄土滑坡三轴几何平均径Gamma P-P散点图(a)和无趋势Gamma P-P散点图(b)
Fig. 5. Gamma P-P plot (a) and detrended Gamma P-P plot (b) of landslide diameter in Baota District
图 6 洛川县(黄土塬区)黄土滑坡三轴几何平均径Gamma P-P散点图(a)和无趋势Gamma P-P散点图(b)
Fig. 6. Gamma P-P plot (a) and detrended Gamma P-P plot (b) of landslide diameter in Luochuan County
图 7 基于Gamma分布函数的黄土滑坡规模径频率分布拟合
Fig. 7. Distribution fitting of loess landslide scale based on Gamma function
图 8 3个县(区)黄土滑坡三轴几何规模径频率分布
Fig. 8. Frequency distribution of scale diameter of loess landslides
表 1 不同累积频率下黄土滑坡发生规模径
Table 1. Scale diameter of loess landslides at different frequency
累积频率(%) 5 25 50 75 95 子洲县规模径(m) 82.03 56.78 42.63 31.07 18.52 宝塔区规模径(m) 127.66 85.53 62.39 43.88 24.48 洛川县规模径(m) 92.75 57.89 39.58 25.64 12.21 
下载: 导出CSV
-
Bishop, C.M., 2006.Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning.Springer, New York. Brardinoni, F., Church, M., 2004.Representing the Landslide Magnitude-Frequency Relation:Capilano River Basin, British Columbia.Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 29(1):115-124.doi: 10.1002/esp.1029 Brunetti, M.T., Guzzetti, F., Rossi, M., 2009.Probability Distributions of Landslide Volumes.Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics, 16(2):179-188.doi: 10.5194/npg-16-179-2009 Chaytor, J.D., ten Brink, U.S., Solow, A.R., et al., 2009.Size Distribution of Submarine Landslides along the US Atlantic Margin.Marine Geology, 264(1-2):16-27.doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2008.08.007 Corominas, J., Moya, J., 2010.Contribution of Dendrochronology to the Determination of Magnitude-Frequency Relationships for Landslides.Geomorphology, 124(3-4):137-149.doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.09.001 Dai, F.C., Lee, C.F., 2001.Frequency-Volume Relation and Prediction of Rainfall-Induced Landslides.Engineering Geology, 59(3-4):253-266.doi: 10.1016/S0013-7952(00)00077-6 Dai, F.C., Xu, C., Yao, X., et al., 2011.Spatial Distribution of Landslides Triggered by the 2008 Ms8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake, China.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40(4):883-895.doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2010.04.010 Florsheim, J.L., Nichols, A., 2013.Landslide Area Probability Density Function Statistics to Assess Historical Landslide Magnitude and Frequency in Coastal California.Catena, 109:129-138.doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2013.04.005 Frattini, P., Crosta, G..B., 2013.The Role of Material Properties and Landscape Morphology on Landslide Size Distributions.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 361:310-319.doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2012.10.029 Goswami, R., Mitchell, N.C., Brocklehurst, S.H., 2011.Distribution and Causes of Landslides in the Eastern Peloritani of NE Sicily and Western Aspromonte of SW Calabria, Italy.Geomorphology, 132(3-4):111-122.doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.04.036 Guthrie, R.H., Evans, S.G., 2004.Analysis of Landslide Frequencies and Characteristics in a Natural System, Coastal British Columbia.Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 29(11):1321-1339.doi: 10.1002/esp.1095 Hungr, O., McDougall, S., Wise, M., et al., 2008.Magnitude-Frequency Relationships of Debris Flows and Debris Avalanches in Relation to Slope Relief.Geomorphology, 96(3-4):355-365.doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.03.020 Lei, X.Y., 1999.Geological Disasters on the Loess Plateau and Human Activities.Geological Publishing House, Beijing(in Chinese). Li, T.L., Long, J.H., Li, X.S., 2007.Types of Loess Landslides and Methods for Their Movement Forecast.Journal of Engineering Geology, 15(4):500-505(in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-GCDZ200704013.htm Liu, H.M., Shi, Y.C., 2006.Characteristics and Influential Factors of Different Types of Landslide in Loess Area.Northwestern Seismological Journal, 28(4):360-363(in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZBDZ200604014.htm Luo, Y., He, S.M., He, J.C., 2014.Effect of Rainfall Patterns on Stability of Shallow Landslide.Earth Science, 39(9):1357-1363(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.atmos.albany.edu/facstaff/jminder/research/minder_etal_2009.pdf Malamud, B.D., Turcotte, D.L., Guzzetti, F., et al., 2004.Landslide Inventories and Their Satistical Properties.Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 29(6):687-711.doi: 10.1002/esp.1064 Qiu, H.J., Cao, M.M., Liu, W., 2013.Power-Law Correlation of Landslides:A Case of Ningqiang County.Geological Science and Technology Information, 32(3):183-187(in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Chong_Xu/publication/280114793_Correlations_of_earthquake-triggered_landslides_volume_and_seismogenic_fault_A_case_study_of_the_12_May_2008_Wenchuan_earthquake_China/links/55ab045a08ae815a04279576.pdf Stark, C.P., Hovius, N., 2001.The Characterization of Landslide Size Distributions.Geophysical Research Letters, 28(6):1091-1094.doi: 10.1029/2000GL008527 van Den Eeckhaut, M., Poesen, J., Govers, G., et al., 2007.Characteristics of the Size Distribution of Recent and Historical Landslides in a Populated Hilly Region.Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 256(3-4):588-603.doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2007.01.040 Wen, B.P., Li, Y., Wang, X.L., et al., 1997.Prediction and Forecast of Typical Landslide in the Loess Area and Its Reduction Countermeasures.Geological Publishing House, Beijing(in Chinese). Wu, Y.P., Zhang, Q.X., Tang, H.M., et al., 2014.Landslide Hazard Warning Based on Effective Rainfall Intensity.Earth Science, 39(7):889-895(in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288065460_Landslide_hazard_warning_based_on_effective_rainfall_intensity Xu, L., Dai, F.C., Kuang, G.L., et al., 2009.Analysis of Some Special Engineering-Geological Problems of Loess Landslide.Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 31(2):287-293(in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286031112_Analysis_of_some_special_engineering-geological_problems_of_loess_landslide Xu, L., Dai, F.C., Min, H., 2008.Research Progress and Some Thoughts on Loess Landslides.Advances in Earth Science, 23(3):236-242(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.adearth.ac.cn/EN/abstract/abstract3810.shtml Yao, L.K., Huang, Y.D., Yang, Q.H., 2010.The Self-Organized Criticality of Landslids Triggered by Earthquake.Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42(5):33-43(in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-SCLH201005007.htm 雷祥义, 1999.黄土高原地质灾害与人类活动.北京:地质出版社. 李同录, 龙建辉, 李新生, 2007.黄土滑坡发育类型及其空间预测方法.工程地质学报, 15(4):500-505. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GCDZ200704013.htm 刘红玫, 石玉成, 2006.黄土地区不同类型滑坡的特征及影响因素.西北地震学报, 28(4):360-363. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZBDZ200604014.htm 罗渝, 何思明, 何尽川, 等, 2014.降雨类型对浅层滑坡稳定性的影响.地球科学, 39(9):1357-1363. http://www.earth-science.net/WebPage/Article.aspx?id=2933 邱海军, 曹明明, 刘闻, 2013.地质灾害的幂律相依性:以宁强县为例.地质科技情报.2013, 32(3):183-187. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKQ201303029.htm 文宝萍, 李媛, 王兴林, 等, 1997.黄土地区典型滑坡预测预报及减灾对策研究.北京:地质出版社. 吴益平, 张秋霞, 唐辉明, 等, 2014.基于有效降雨强度的滑坡灾害危险性预警.地球科学, 39(7):889-895. http://www.earth-science.net/WebPage/Article.aspx?id=2892 许领, 戴福初, 邝国麟, 等, 2009.黄土滑坡典型工程地质问题分析.岩土工程学报, 31(2):287-293. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTGC200902033.htm 许领, 戴福初, 闵弘, 2008.黄土滑坡研究现状与设想.地球科学进展, 23(3):236-242. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DXJZ200803002.htm 姚令侃, 黄艺丹, 杨庆华, 2010.地震触发崩塌滑坡自组织临界性研究.四川大学学报(工程科学版), 42(5):33-43. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SCLH201005007.htm -
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 3718
- HTML全文浏览量: 1795
- PDF下载量: 53
- 被引次数: 0
