Geochemical Characteristics of Ore-Forming Fluid inHuanggoushan Gold Deposit, Jilin Province
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摘要: 荒沟山金矿床为吉南老岭金-多金属成矿带内较具代表性矿床之一，产于元古宇老岭群珍珠门组地层之中，受韧性剪切带构造控制.按地质特征、矿物组合及矿脉之间的穿切关系，将荒沟山金矿床热液成矿作用划分为Ⅰ黄铁矿-毒砂-石英阶段和Ⅱ晚期辉锑矿-乳白色石英两个阶段.系统的流体包裹体岩相学及显微测温研究表明：Ⅰ阶段石英中发育含CO2三相、碳质及气液两相3种类型的原生流体包裹体，成矿流体属不混溶的中低温、低盐度NaCl-H2O-CO2体系热液，在成矿过程中发生过不混溶作用而导致金等有用元素沉淀富集；Ⅱ阶段石英颗粒中主要发育气液两相包裹体，成矿流体属均匀的NaCl-H2O体系热液.碳、氢、氧同位素研究表明，Ⅰ阶段成矿流体主要来源于岩浆热液，Ⅱ阶段流体除继承早阶段的热液外，还有大气降水的混入；δD和δ13CV-PDB值分析结果证明两个成矿阶段流体均与地层发生过较强的水岩反应.矿床成因属于中温岩浆热液矿床.Abstract: Occurred in Zhenzhumen Formation of Laoling Group of Proterozoic Era and controlled by ductile shear belt, the Huanggoushan gold deposit is one of the most representative deposits in Laoling gold-polymetallic metallogenic belt in southern Jilin Province. Based on the geological characteristics, mineral assemblage and the crosscutting relationship between different kinds of veins, the hydrothermal mineralization processes can be divided into two main stages, namely, stageⅠpyrite arsenopyrite quartz and stageⅡ later stibnite-milky quartz. Systematic study on petrography and microthermometry of fluid inclusions shows that quartz of Stage Ⅰcontains three types of primary fluid inclusions, which are CO2 bearing three phases, carbonic and aqueous two phases inclusions respectively, and the ore forming fluid is of medium to low temperature and low salinity NaCl-H2O-CO2 kind of solutions and immiscibility happened in the ore forming process, which led to the enrichment of gold etc; in quartz of Stage Ⅱ, there are aqueous two phases fluids only and ore forming fluid is of homogeneous NaCl-H2O kind of solutions. Isotopic studies of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen show that the ore forming fluids of mineralization Stage Ⅰ mainly derived from magmatic solutions, whereas fluids of mineralization stage Ⅱ mainly came from meteoric water in addition to the relicts of stage Ⅰ ore forming solutions. The values of δD and δ13CV-PDB reveal that the ore forming fluids of both mineralization Stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ all experienced strong rock water reaction. The genesis of the gold deposit is medium temperature magmatic hydrothermal deposit.
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图 1 荒沟山金矿矿床地质简图
1.古元古界大栗子组片岩；2.古元古界珍珠门组下段含碳硅质条纹条带大理岩；3.珍珠门组中段白云石大理岩、硅质条带白云石大理岩及角砾状白云石大理岩；4.中侏罗世似斑状黑云母花岗岩；5.金矿体；6.韧-脆性剪切带；7.脆性断层；8.闪长岩脉；据杨言辰等(2002)修改
Fig. 1. Geological sketch map of Huanggoushan gold deposit
图 2 荒沟山金矿区不同成矿阶段样品照片
Q.石英；Stn.辉锑矿；a.黄铁矿-毒砂-石英(Ⅰ)阶段矿石；b~d.辉锑矿-乳白色石英脉(Ⅱ)穿切Ⅰ阶段矿体
Fig. 2. Photographs of different stages sample in Huanggoushan gold deposit
图 3 荒沟山金矿床流体包裹体显微照片
LCO2.液态CO2；VCO2.气态CO2；LH2O.液态水；VH2O.气态水；a~c.黄铁矿-毒砂-石英阶段；d.辉锑矿-乳白色石英阶段
Fig. 3. Photographs of fluid inclusions of Huanggoushan gold deposit
图 4 荒沟山金矿区矿区不同成矿阶段流体包裹体均一温度、盐度直方图
a、b.黄铁矿-毒砂-石英阶段；c、d.黄铁矿-毒砂-石英阶段
Fig. 4. The histograms of homogeneous temperature and salinity of different stages of fluid inclusions in Huanggoushan gold deposit
图 5 荒沟山金矿床流体包裹体激光拉曼光谱分析结果
a.Ⅰ阶段CO2包裹体；b.Ⅰ阶段含CO2三相包裹体；c.Ⅰ阶段气液两相包裹体；d.Ⅱ阶段气液两相包裹体
Fig. 5. The results of laser Raman analyses of fluid inclusions in Huanggoushan gold deposit
图 6 流体包裹体氢-氧同位素组成图解
底图据张理刚等(1985)
Fig. 6. The composition of hydrogen-oxygen isotope of fluid inclusions
图 7 流体包裹体碳-氧同位素组成特征图解
底图据张瑞斌等(2003)
Fig. 7. The composition of carbon-oxide isotope of fluid inclusions
图 8 流体包裹体均一温度-盐度-密度
Fig. 8. The relationship of homogenization temperature, salinity and density of fluid inclusions
表 1 荒沟山金矿床流体包裹体测温结果
Table 1. The microthermometric results of fluid inclusions in Huanggoushan gold deposit
矿石
类型类型
(数量)固相CO2熔
化温度(℃)笼形物消失
温度(℃)CO2相部分
均一温度(℃)冰点温度
(℃)完全均一
温度(℃)盐度
(%NaCl eqv)密度
(g·cm-3)黄铁矿-毒砂-
石英阶段含CO2三相包裹体 -56.6~-60.9 4.1~8.6 9.5~28.8 173~327 2.81~10.44 0.54~1.43 CO2包裹体 -57.0~-57.9 -14.6~7.7 0.87~1.05 辉锑矿-乳白色
石英阶段气液两相包裹体 -2.9~-6.8 120~260 4.80~10.49 0.86~1.01 气液两相包裹体 -2.1~-5.5 159~260 3.07~8.55 0.86~0.95 
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表 2 研究区石英流体包裹体碳、氢、氧同位素分析结果(10-3)
Table 2. The analysized results of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of fluid inclusions (10-3)
顺序号 样品编号 单矿物类型 δ13CV-PDB δ18OV-PDB 成矿温度(℃) δ18OV-SMOW δ18OH2O-SMOW δDV-SMOW 1 HJ-2a 石英 -4.5 -12.6 280 17.9 9.4 -94.9 2 HJ-2b 石英 -7.6 -12.1 280 18.5 10.3 -96.3 3 HGSL-a 石英 -7.4 -13.2 280 17.3 9.1 -118.0 4 HGSL-b 石英 -4.3 -12.2 280 18.3 10.1 -102.0 5 HJ-4a 石英 -1.9 -17.5 220 12.9 -4.0 -133.5 6 HJ-4b 石英 -2.4 -17.5 220 12.9 -2.2 -138.6
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